CASE STUDY REVISION

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CASE STUDY REVISION

• A2 PLANNING FOR CHANGE

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ASHFORD

• UK needs 5.5 million new homes over next 25 yrs
• Kent, south of London, 55,000 pop., M20 access,
  channel tunnel, international passenger station,
  1 hour to London, 2 hours to Paris.
• Few Brownfield sites, need to build on Greenfield
  instead, AONB (chalk ridge) to North and higher
  grade agri. Land, therefore build to the south.
• Developments
• Park Farm - Greenfield site south of Ashford, low
  density housing, over 2,000 houses built, primary
  school and Tesco.
• Stour Mill Brownfield site (old Hovis factory),
  range of affordable housing (flats, terraces),
  outlook onto river, green corridor to town
  centre.
• Designer outlet Brownfield site (old railway
  works), 1000 jobs, access to M20, 5 million
  visitors a year, 8 minute bus to town centre.
• Hotel conference centre Brownfield site
  (opposite international passenger station),
  leisure retail centre near, offices too, some
  river side housing in the plans.

MEDC CASE STUDY OF URBAN LAND USE
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SAO PAULO

• Rapid urban growth 1950 2.3 million, 2000 17.3
  million, 2015 21 million
• Main reason migration from rural areas
• Has become a conurbation engulfed surrounding
  towns villages
• CBD has most of Brazils major companies HQs
• Effects of growth
• Air pollution (industry traffic)
• Shortage of land
• Lack of open space in the city
• Lack of housing shanty towns developed
  (favellas)
• Conditions in favellas
• Basic shacks wood, card etc, edge of city, waste
  land near factories, , no electricity etc, one
  room, diseases, no access to medical care etc
• Older favellas improvements made i.e. shared
  water taps, hook ups to electricity, some schools
  and medical care. Still unpaved, subject to
  erosion individual homes no services.
• Eventuallly permanent buildings, several rooms,
  sanitation water, permanent community, bus
  routes etc.
• Empolyment most in informal employment e.g. shoe
  shining, street selling. No pension, health
  insurance etc.

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SAO PAULO

• IMPROVEMENTS
• Low cost improvements simple building replace
  temporary structures, cheap materials e.g. breeze
  blocks, electricity, water sewerage system
  connected, low rent (only those with permanent
  jobs can pay).
• Self-help schemes local residents encouraged to
  make the improvements, local authority supply
  materials at cost, local authority do groundwork,
  even surface roads, low rents again many cant
  afford.

LEDC CASE STUDY OF URBANISATION
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FORD

• 1903 10 employees today 345,000 staff in over
  200 countries, 2nd largest producer of cars
• How did it get so strong? Ford bought other car
  companies e.g. Jaguar in 1997, land rover in
  2000.
• Strategy to maximise profit global product,
  consolidate operations, cut development costs,
  allow to allocate resources where when needed.
• 1996 partnership with Indian companies to enter
  Asian market. Invested in manufacturing plants.
  Low labour costs, low rents, skilled workforce,
  large population, India is one of worlds top 10
  economies, high earning middle class
• New tactics flat organisation, women 20 of
  workforce, all employees in decisions, overseas
  training for some, open learning centre.

CASE STUDY OF TNC/GLOBALISATION
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NIKE

• 1964 Phillip Knight imported trainers from Japan.
  They were cheaper due to labour costs.
• Today largest seller of sport wear. Operates
  in140 countries, employs 8000 in USA alone.
• Production HQ (marketing, design, management)
  Oregon, USA Manufacturing Mexico(2001), China
  (1990s), Thailand Indonesia (1980s), South
  Korea Taiwan (1977), Japan (1960s) Retail
  globally.
• Working conditions Nike publicly criticised for
  using cheap labour (poor conditions of work, low
  wages, few benefits, long hours, neglect for
  health safety.
• Campaigns many on line sites set up, strikes
  etc.
• Nikes response 1992 code of conduct, set global
  standards of pay and conditions, after hours free
  education (with World Vision) etc.

CASE STUDY OF TNC/GLOBALISATION
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READING

• Close to M4, Heathrow, 41 miles to London,
  145,000 population.
• Traditionally manufacturing industry (bulbs, beer
  biscuits).
• 1996 86 of businesses service based.
• Rapidly expanding town industrial and business
  parks retail parks. High technology investments
  e.g. Microsoft.
• Examples of growth/developments Thames valley
  business park, Oracle centre, Madejski stadium,
  A33 relief road, Broad street pedestrianized
  (café culture) etc.
• These show a move to the outskirts Elm park to
  Madejski for example shos pros cons
• Retail A33 helped to relief traffic, Oracle
  broad street aim to keep centre flourishing.
  Affluent area, many young professionals, live
  near centre.

CASE STUDY OF UK EMPLOYMENT ISSUES
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M4 CORRIDOR

• Runs from West London to South Wales. High tech
  industry located along length.
• Footloose industry
• Cheaper land prices
• Heathrow staff visiting business men
• Good road rail links for goods
• Nearby universities e.g. Oxford, Reading Bristol,
  Cardiff, Swansea!
• Countryside attractive for workers to live
• Leisure facilities in the towns
• Agglomeration economies
• House prices rising very low unemployment
  high salaries

CASE STUDY OF UK EMPLOYMENT ISSUES