CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

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CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
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CLASSIFYING MATERIALS

• Structural
• Protective
• Decorative

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STRUCTURAL

• Elements of a structure that supports weight
  and/or assist in maintaining the shape and form
  of the structure

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PROTECTIVE

• Shelters the structure and its contents from
  environmental conditions
• Precipitation
• Wind
• High/low temperatures
• Noise
• Insects

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DECORATIVE

• Make the structure visually aesthetically
  pleasing

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DRAWBACKS

• Material can serve more than one function
• Example glass or shingles

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STRUCTURAL - WOOD

• 2 broad categories
• Hardwoods (Deciduous)
• Trees that drop leaves usually once a year
• Softwoods (Coniferous)
• Trees that are cone bearing and/or have needles

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STRUCTURAL-HARDWOOD
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STRUCTURAL-SOFTWOOD
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STRUCTURAL - WOOD

• Other classifications
• Dimension Lumber
• Boards
• Pressure Treated
• Plywood

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STRUCTURAL-DIMENSION LUMBER

• Most commonly used for structural purposes
• Examples 2 x 4, 2 x 6, 2 x 8, etc.

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STRUCTURAL-BOARDS

• Usually have at least one side thinner than 2
• Can be used for structural purposes but also for
  flooring, siding and furniture

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STRUCTURAL-PRESSURE TREATED

• Primarily used for outdoor applications or in
  contact with insects.
• 2 types
• Creosote
• Uses coal tar
• CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate)
• Uses chemicals that penetrates the wood through
  pressure chambers

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STRUCTURAL-PLYWOOD

• Are thin layers (veneers) of wood that are glued
  and compressed
• Covers large flat areas

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STRUCTURAL-PLYWOOD GRADES

• Sold by its grade (referring to the quality of
  its outer veneers
• (N, A, B, C, D)
• 2 letters are used to classify each outer veneer
• Ex) AC has 1 side A quality with other being C
• N Premium (highly visible applications)
• D Poorest (poor visually, used for sheathing)

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STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

• Concrete is a mixture of Cement, Aggregate, Water
  and on occasion an admixture.

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STRUCTURAL CONCRETE - AGGREGATE

• Makes up 2/3 to ¾ of volume within concrete
• Is a material that does not react with water or
  cement
• Adds strength
• Adds inexpensive volume

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STRUCTURAL CONCRETE - WATER

• Concrete does not cure thru evaporation, but
  rather thru a chemical reaction
• Water content in concrete must be controlled
• Too much weakens
• Too little causes incomplete setting

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STRUCTURAL - BRICK

• Described a earthen material formed dried into
  useable shapes
• 2 major types
• Kiln-Dried
• Adobe

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STRUCTURAL - BRICK

• Kiln dried brick
• Most commonly used
• Usually made from sand, clay or shale
• Slight differences is materials used or changes
  in firing process changes the characteristics

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STRUCTURAL - BRICK

• Adobe brick
• Made by mixing clay and straw, forming it into
  rectangular blocks and placing it in direct
  sunlight to dry.

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STRUCTURAL CONCRETE BLOCKS

• Often referred to as Cinder blocks
• Uses cinders as the aggregate
• Type of aggregate changes the strength and
  characteristics

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STRUCTURAL - STONE

• Can be used as structural, protective or
  decorative
• Major considerations of choosing stone for a
  project include
• Strength, hardness, workability, durability,
  appearance and accessibility

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STRUCTURAL - STONE

• Classifications
• Rubble referred to as field stone or rocks. My
  be completely unprocessed or broken to a desired
  size.
• Dimensional cut finished to a desired
  specification
• Flagstone are flat slabs that have face
  dimensions cut a specific size
• Crushed range from 3/8 to 6

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STRUCTURAL - STONE

• 5 major types in construction
• Granite
• Slate

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STRUCTURAL - STONE

• Limestone
• Marble
• Sandstone

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STRUCTURAL - STEEL

• Major classifications
• Carbon steel
• Alloy steel
• High strength low alloy
• Stainless