Title: Crosscultural Leadership
1Cross-cultural Leadership
2Deep-Level Diversity National Cultural
Differences
- Different value orientations across cultures
- Broad belief systems that guided our behaviors
and judgments - Despite globalizations, differences between
cultures are not disappearing quickly
3 Kluckholm Strodtbecks Value Orientations
4Work Values Across Cultures(Hofstede Bond)
Individualism vs. Collectivism Uncertainty
Avoidance Power Distance Masculinity vs.
Femininity (Career Success vs. Quality of
Life) Confucian Dynamism
Geert Hofstedes Analysis of Country Cultures
5Other Values that Affect Work Behavior
- Universalism vs. particularism principles vs.
relationships guide decisions/actions - Monochronicity vs. polychronicity sense of
time linearity vs. non-linearity - High vs. low context context gives meaning or
not
6GLOBE Study Background
- 170 researchers working for over ten years
collecting and analyzing data on cultural values
and leadership practices - 17,000 managers in 62 societal cultures
- 10 culture clusters were developed from the 62
societal cultures - Nine cultural dimensions uncovered
www.thunderbird.edu/wwwfiles/ms/globe/
7GLOBE Study Societal Clusters
- Confucian Asia
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- Middle East
- Southern Asia
- Eastern Europe
- Anglo
- Nordic Europe
- Germanic Europe
- Latin Europe
- Latin America
8GLOBE Study Cultural Attributes
- Performance Orientation
- Assertiveness
- Future Orientation
- Humane Orientation
- Institutional Collectivism
- In-Group Collectivism
- Gender Egalitarianism
- Power Distance
- Uncertainty Avoidance
9GLOBE Study Cultural Leadership Profiles
- Charismatic/Value-Based
- Team-Oriented
- Participative
- Humane-Oriented
- Autonomous
- Self-Protective
Contribute to outstanding leadership in most
countries
Impedes outstanding leadership in most countries
Differences among cultures in whether it
contributes, impedes or is neutral to outstanding
leadership
10Limitations of Reliance on Cultural Values
- These are generalizations---inaccurate and
sometimes dangerous to apply to any one
individual - They are first best guesses prior to learning
more about the culture - They should be consciously held to allow for
learning and modification to occur
11Four strategies for meeting global challenges
- Encourage aspatial careers (spend working lives
in multiple cultures) - Awareness building assignments (3-12 month
assignments) - SWAT Teams (short term deployment of experts to
solve problems) - Virtual solutions and global human resource
information systems