Better City- better life

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• Better city better life

Heinz-Peter MANG Ina Patricia JURGA Institute
of Energy and Environmental Protection
(IEEP) Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Engineering (CAAE) E-mail mang_at_ieep.net
International Conference on
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Mega Cities- Mega problems
http//www.megacities.uni-koeln.de
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Water is a precious resource
http//whyfiles.org/ 131fresh_water/2.html
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( Old) Mega cities- mega problems
Ancient Rome
Cloaca Maxima
Fresh water via Aquaduct
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New Mega Cities - Same old Problems....

• High sanitary investment costs
• Leaching sewers, blocked pipes leads to
  groundwater pollution, and high maintenance
  costs
• Conventional sanitation systems are inflexible to
  rapid urban development
• High amount of drinking water is used to flush,
  dilute and transport a little amount of polluting
  wastewater

Developing Chinas urban (waste)water system will
require 12 billion before 2010 (with 60
coverage)
Water 21, Oct 2004
Beijing - 15 Mio
Beijing - 12 Mio
Bangalore - 6 Mio
Malta Valletta - 0.3 Mio
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Beijing (15 Million)

• Hosting WORLD TOILET SUNMIT 2004
• 3000 public toilets will be renovated
• Alone from 10 Toilets in the Forbidden City 150 t
  collected per year
• US29 million over the last three years on
  building or renovating 747 latrines at scenic
  spots.
• Still 5 of the population depends only on public
  toilets

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Shanghai (20 Million)

• Hosting WORLD TOILET EXPO FORUM 2005
• Currently 3,640 public toilets, whereof 2085 are
  governmental runned, otheres are private
• Shanghai Administration on City Appearance and
  Environmental Sanitation
• Today 1,1 Mio public toilet users/day,
• Expected for 2010, 4 Mio. public toilet users/day
• 4000 tons/day of nightsoil still colleted from
  house-to-house services

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Public toilet standard

• The city sanitary departments issued the
  following standards for new build toilets
• - good design,
• - considering potty parity,
• - facilities for handicapped and child-friendly
  design,
• - consider different cultures and toilet habits
• - easy access to the toilets by signs and maps,
• - cleaning service provision and toilet
  operation,
• - environmental friendly recycling oriented.

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Potty Parity ???

• Women pay 0,5 Yuan Men pay 0,3 Yuan
• Plan 1 Yuan for each ?!
• Ratio for womenmen 32 by 2010

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Toilet Management
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Examples in China
Composting toilets and constructed wetland Dean
Group, Ningbo
Greywater recycling, Kempinski Hotel Beijing
http//www.chinadean.com
http//www.biogest-international.de
DEWATS Sino-German Vocational Training Center,
Shanghai
http//www.borda.de
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Jinshui
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Jinshui
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Shengtaijie
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Sinnichi
0,4 liters
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Huajie
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Ecological Sanitation for cities
Ecocity Builder Association Dean Group (2003)
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Suitable Technologies

• Decentralised treatment alternatives
• DEWATS ?????????
• DEcentralised WAstewater Treatment Systems

Combination of different low-maintenance
technologies
http//www.borda.de
Biogas
Constructed wetlands
Baffled septic tank
GERES BORDA BRTC (1994)
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BRTC/ BORDA/ GTZ research project (2004)
Wenjiang, Chengdu

• Separate urine, greywater, faeces to
• Bathroom -, Kitchen brown water
• Improve effluent quality
• Reduce the size of treatment
• Economical benefit
• And
• Urine
• Support organic agriculture
• Prime material for fertilizer companies

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Save water for transport!
public toilets - Shanghai Formula 1
ROEVAC Vacuum Sewage System
Vacuum Pipe Work
Interface Valve Unit
air
Vacuum Station
Vacuum Pipe Work
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Suitable Technologies

• Semi-Centralised treatment alternatives
• Membrane Technology ???

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Rotating biological contactors

Mechanical



preliminary
SBBR biofilm reactor

???
treatment



VRM membrane reactor

Irrigation??  Service Water???


www.huadugreen.com www.huber.de
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Challenges

• Dimensioning / frequency of use / number of
  users.
• Collection and transportation of urine and faeces
  to farms.
• Utilisation of products
• Misuse
• Service provision
• Financial resources are required and cooperation
  with private donors is recommended.

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Considerations for Mega Cities

1. Consider the whole range of feasible technologies
   with public and environmental health aspects as
   priority.
2. Household Centered or Neighbourhood Oriented
   Environmental Sanitation approachs.
3. Sustainable technology should be low-cost and
   should require low energy input and low
   mechanisation.
4. Simple in operation. Prefer local labour. The
   maintenance should be done by local community or
   local contractors. Further more not relying on
   expensive (chemical) input.
5. Recovery of resources.
6. Technology system should be capable of being
   step-be step upgraded, as user demand or quality
   standards increase.

Water is life sanitation is dignity!
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Your partner

• World Toilet Summit - November 2001 in Singapore
• World Toilet Summit - October 2002 in Seoul
• World Toilet Summit - November 2003 in Taipeh
• World Toilet Conference - November 2004 in
  Beijing
• World Toilet Expo Forum - May 2005 in Shanghai
• World Toilet Conference - September 2005 in
  Belfast
• World Toilet Summit - September 2006 in Moscow
• World Toilet Expo Forum - November 2006 in
  Bangkok
• today 37 Toilet Organizations in 35 Countries
• World Toilet Day 19th of November
• ecosan related Tsunami Relief Work in Sri Lanka
  since 2005
• WORLD TOILET COLLEGE in Partnership with
  Singapore Polytechnics

Thank you! ??