The Three Rs

1
The Three Rs

• Relief, Recovery, and Reform through New Deal
  Programs

2
FDR and the New Deal

• FDR was talking about how to pull the country out
  of the Great Depression during his campaign
• The country needs and, unless I mistake its
  temper, the country demands bold, persistent
  experimentation. It is common sense to take a
  method and try it If it fails, admit it frankly
  and try another. But above all, try something.
  The millions who are in want will not stand by
  silently forever while the things to satisfy
  their needs are within easy reach.

3
FDRs speech was given at Oglethorpe University
in 1932 he was awarded an honorary Doctorate.
4
The Three Rs

• Roosevelt was elected and upon taking office
  would launch a large legislative agenda to help
  the economy and the people of the United States.
  He had three overarching goals for these
  programs
• Relief
• Recovery
• Reform

5
Relief

• Imagine walking down the sidewalk and tripping
  over a crack.
• Down you go, and you end up with a broken arm.
• Relief is an ice pack and a couple of Tylenol to
  relieve your pain.
• Relief programs were intended to make things more
  tolerable but often did not offer long-term
  solutions.

6
Recovery

• So youve broken your arm and gotten some
  temporary relief
• Now a trip to the hospital will provide you with
  an x-ray and a cast.
• With the diagnosis, treatment, and time you
  should have a full recovery.

7
Reform

• Youre all healed now but the cause of your
  injury is still out there waiting to trip someone
  else up
• True reform finds the cause of the problem and
  aims to alter it to prevent the same issue in the
  future.
• Tearing out that section of sidewalk and
  installing a smooth new section is the reform
  thats needed here.

8
Which R does it aim for?

• You will learn about many New Deal programs and
  should be thinking about what the goal of each
  was.
• Many programs had a primary goal but had
  secondary impacts. For instance, the ice was to
  provide relief but it also reduced the swelling,
  which aided in your recovery. It is possible to
  have more than one purpose.

9
The New Deal

• FDR addressed the nation in his second Fireside
  Chat on May 7, 1933
• He explained the actions he had already taken to
  halt the banking crisis
• Next, he assured the country that it was possible
  to get through the tough time it was facing
• Finally, he began to describe programs

10
CCC The Civilian Conservation Corps (pronounced
core, like an apple - if you say the p and the s
its a dead body, a corpse)

• First, we are giving opportunity of employment
  to one-quarter of a million of the unemployed,
  especially the young men who have dependents, to
  go into the forestry and flood prevention work.
  This is a big task because it means feeding,
  clothing and caring for nearly twice as many men
  as we have in the regular army itself. This
  great group of men have entered upon their work
  on a purely voluntary basis, no military training
  is involved and we are conserving not only our
  natural resources but our human resources. One of
  the great values to this work is the fact that it
  is direct and requires the intervention of very
  little machinery.

11
Men were issued supplies upon arrival in the
camps many were in need of clothes and food.
12
Men were given plenty to eat, a place to sleep,
clothes, medical care, and a sense of dignity.
13
TVA The Tennessee Valley Authority

• Second, I have requested the Congress and have
  secured action upon a proposal to put the great
  properties owned by our Government at Muscle
  Shoals to work after long years of wasteful
  inaction, and with this a broad plan for the
  improvement of a vast area in the Tennessee
  Valley. It will add to the comfort and happiness
  of hundreds of thousands of people and the
  incident benefits will reach the entire nation.

14
The TVA used CCC workers for labor in many
places. This is camp 19.
15
The TVA served not just the men who worked but
their families as well. Norris, TN was a village
created for the workers on the Norris Dam. This
is the school that the children of those workers
attended.
16
The HOLC Home Owners Loan Corporation and the
FCA Farm Credit Association

• Next, the Congress is about to pass legislation
  that will greatly ease the mortgage distress
  among the farmers and the home owners of the
  nation, by providing for the easing of the burden
  of debt now bearing so heavily upon millions of
  our people.

17
FERA The Federal Emergency Relief Association

• Our next step in seeking immediate relief is a
  grant of half a billion dollars to help the
  states, counties and municipalities in their duty
  to care for those who need direct and immediate
  relief.

18
PWA Public Works Administration

• We are planning to ask the Congress for
  legislation to enable the Government to undertake
  public works, thus stimulating directly and
  indirectly the employment of many others in
  well-considered projects.

19
AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act

• Further legislation has been taken up which
  goes much more fundamentally into our economic
  problems. The Farm Relief Bill seeks by the use
  of several methods, alone or together, to bring
  about an increased return to farmers for their
  major farm products, seeking at the same time to
  prevent in the days to come disastrous
  over-production which so often in the past has
  kept farm commodity prices far below a reasonable
  return.

20
Wagner Act which created the NLRB National
Labor Relations Board

• Well-considered and conservative measures will
  likewise be proposed which will attempt to give
  to the industrial workers of the country a more
  fair wage return, prevent cut-throat competition
  and unduly long hours for labor, and at the same
  time to encourage each industry to prevent
  over-production.

21
Other New Deal Agencies

• Glass/Steagal Act created the Federal Reserve
• FHA Federal Housing Act/Administration
• SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
• WPA Works Progress Administration
• NIRA National Industrial Recovery Act created
  the NRA National Recovery Administration

22
Still more New Deal Agencies

• CWA Civil Works Administration
• NYA National Youth Administration
• REA Rural Electrification Administration
• Banking Act of 1933 created the FDIC Federal
  Deposit Insurance Corporation
• IRA Indian Reorganization Act