Marriage and the Family

1
Marriage and the Family
SIDEWALKS OF EUROPE

• Monica Li
• Nikita Andreev
• Halana Whitehead
• Sheldon Li
• (In order of appearance)

2
Marriage and the Family

• Industrial Revolution destroyed the social custom
  of extended families and created nuclear families
  due to the increasing demand of work and delaying
  of marriage.
• Extended/Nuclear families

3
Marriage and the Family

• What delayed marriage?
• Marriage laws. (Ex. Austria and Germany)
• The pursuit of economic independence
• Why delay marriage?
• Prevent children abandonment
• Increase money for welfare
• Control population growth

4
Marriage and the Family

• A transformation began to emerge in marriage
  before and after the mid 1700s due to the growth
  of the cottage industry.

5
Marriage and the Family

• Before
• Birth control
• Low illegitimate birth rate
• High premarital sex rate
• Charivari
• Marriage delay (land was the main source of
  income)
• After
• growth of cottage industry gave young adults more
  opportunities to economic independence.
• High illegitimate and premarital sex rate.
• pregnancy and birth control - Lack of concern and
  responsibility
• Demand for population growth. (Workers needed)

6
Premarital Sex and Marriage
1750

• Premarital sex was commonplace
• Low rates of illegitimate births
• Pregnancy confirmed the marriage date
• sex only for those contemplating marriage
• Social pressure on young people
• Mother illegitimate child economic and moral
  threat to the community

7
Premarital Sex and Marriage
1750 - 1850

• ILLEGITIMACY
• EXPLOSION
• Its ok to have babies...the king has OKed it!

• - Bavarian woman (speaking on behalf of all
  women in Europe for this century)

8
Premarital Sex and Marriage
1850 - 1900

• Romantic sentiment replaces tradition
• Marriage key financial transaction
• Boys had sexual experience early on sexual
  experimentation illegitimacy
• After 1850 less of a economic burden
• Urban working-class stabilized as family is
  strengthened as an institution

9
Prostitution

• 155,000 women in Paris from 1871 to 1903 were
  registered as prostitutes
• during the same time another 750,000 were
  suspected as being prostitutes
• their clients came from all classes, but were
  still mostly men from the upper and middle
  classes

10
Prostitution

• prostitutes were a way for men to indulge
• men bought sex both before and after they were
  married
• for many lower class women prostitution was just
  a stage, a way to make money for a few years and
  then get married to a man from their class and
  have children

11
Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality

• Stephan Zweig believed that authorities
  (school, family, public morals) told young men
  lies about the matter of sex.
• Unfair treatment of the matter of sex between
  genders (men could be subjected to sudden sexual
  desires while women couldnt)
• sanctity of womenhood
• Women would have no sexual desires until awaken
  by the act of marriage.

12
Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality

• Young women were never left alone in order to
  protect young women (keep them sterilized)
  many activities to preoccupy their time.
• Lower class, more sexual freedom
• Middle class society scorned the lower class
  lifestyle (before marriage could live with
  another worker in free love).
• Young man had to take adventures between
  demanded-manhood and actual manhood

13
Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality

• Very few young men could keep a mistress, must be
  rich
• Very few had affairs with married women
• Others with shopgirls and waitresses
• Because of above, resulted in prostitution
• In the days before WWI, hard to avoid a
  prostitute on the streets in Vienna