Title: Climate Change and Kioto Protocol
1Climate Change and Kioto Protocol
- How do negotiations on global public goods
actually happen? - JoaquÃn Nieto
- Confederal Secretary of Environmental Departament
of CC.OO.
2How does it operate de climate change?
3Mediterranean area hotter, drier and variable
- ? Anual everage Temperature 1-3ºC. (inside until
5ºC). ? Heatwave - ? Rainfalls 30-20 N/S
- ? Risk of Fires along the whole year.
- ? Agricultural Production up to 40
- Tourism ? Snow in the mountains, ? Sea level.
Dissapearance. Problems of supply. - Water ? Water resources. ? Rainfalls snow-water,
más evapotranspiración less caudal and less
aquiferous. - Biodiversity Loss of more than 50 of vegetable
species in the north and more than 80 in the
Iberian Peninsula
Dra. Tina Tin (Atenas University) for WWWAdena
4Greenhouses Emission Sources
5Kioto Protocol I
- Interested Groups
- JUSSCANNZ -Japan, USA, Switzerland, Canada,
Australia, Norway y New Zeland- - EU
- G77 CHINA
- AOSIS (Aliance of Small Island States)
- Note Evolution from JUSSCANNZ to Umbrella Grop
Japan, Canada, Russia y Australia, USA.
6Kioto Protocol II
- Ratify (19 Septiembre 2005)
- Entry into force in 16/02/05
- 156 countries
- 61.6 of emissions
- Russia was the last country ratifying the
Protocol and then the Protocol entried into
force. - USA and Australia have not ratificated it.
7Flexibility Mechanisms I
The Protocol defined this 3 mechanisms to lower
the overall costs of achieving its emissions
targets The Mechanisms under the Kyoto
Protocol Joint Implementation, Clean
Development Mechanism Emissions Trading
8Flexibility mechanisms II
Between Annex I Parties
- 1. Emissions Trading
- Provides for Annex I Parties to acquire
units from other Annex I Parties and use them
towards meeting their emissions targets under the
Kyoto Protocol. - 2. Joint Implementations
- Provides for Annex I Parties to implement
projects that reduce emissions, or remove carbon
from the atmosphere, in other Annex I Parties, in
return for emission reduction units (ERUs
9Flexibility mechanisms III
Between Annex I Parties and no Annex I Parties
- Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)
- Provides for Annex I Parties to implement
project activities that reduce emissions in
non-Annex I Parties, in return for certified
emission reductions (CERs ). - Such projects are to assist the developing
country host Parties in achieving sustainable
development and in contributing to the ultimate
objective of the Convention
10European Union
- EU Bubble Fulfillment
- Germany -21 -18.90
- Denmark -21 -0.80
- Austria -13 -8.5
- United Kingdom -12.5 -14.90
- Luxembourg -8 -15.10
- Belgium -7 -2.10
- Italy -6.5 9.00
- Holland -6 0.60
Finland 0 6.80 France
0 -1.90 Sweden 4
-3.70 Irland 13
28.90 SPAIN 15 39.40 Greek
25 26.50 Portugal 27
41.00 TOTAL E.U. -8
-2.9 Details Ap. 2004
11European Union IICommitments of average
reduction 2008-2010 (- 5.2)
- Lituania -8
- Norway 1
- Russi 0
- Switzerland -8
- Bulgaria -8
- Czech R. -8
- Hungary -6
- Letonia -8
- Monaco -8
- Poland -6
- Slovakia -8
- Ukranian 0
- Australia 8
- Canada -6
- Estonian -8
- Iceland 10
- Liech. -8
- N. Zealand 0
- Rumania -8
- Eslovenia -8
- USA -7
- Croatia -5
- EU -8
- Japan -6
12Post Kioto positions
- European Union
- Year 2020 15-20 decreased GHG
- Year 2050 60-80 decreased GHG
- USA and their allieds (Saudi Arabia)
- Contraction and Convergence The future
entitlements to emit will have become
proportional to population. The countries Annex I
must reduced their emmision and the other
countries could increase them until to get the
same quantity.
13Contraction and Convergence
14European Union per capita emission
Emisiones per cápita (t CO2 equiv/hab) en cada
estado miembro de la UE en el último año
disponible.Fuente Inventarios oficiales
enviados a la CMCC.
15GHG of Annex I Parties (1990-2002)
16Word GHG emission (Year 2000)
17Word GHG emission (Year 1995)
18Involved Actors
- Social Actors
- Industry
- USA- Europe
- Trade Unions
- Environmental NGO
- Aborigens