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Climate Change and Kioto Protocol

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Title: Climate Change and Kioto Protocol


1
Climate Change and Kioto Protocol
  • How do negotiations on global public goods
    actually happen?
  • Joaquín Nieto
  • Confederal Secretary of Environmental Departament
    of CC.OO.

2
How does it operate de climate change?
3
Mediterranean area hotter, drier and variable
  • ? Anual everage Temperature 1-3ºC. (inside until
    5ºC). ? Heatwave
  • ? Rainfalls 30-20 N/S
  • ? Risk of Fires along the whole year.
  • ? Agricultural Production up to 40
  • Tourism ? Snow in the mountains, ? Sea level.
    Dissapearance. Problems of supply.
  • Water ? Water resources. ? Rainfalls snow-water,
    más evapotranspiración less caudal and less
    aquiferous.
  • Biodiversity Loss of more than 50 of vegetable
    species in the north and more than 80 in the
    Iberian Peninsula

Dra. Tina Tin (Atenas University) for WWWAdena
4
Greenhouses Emission Sources
5
Kioto Protocol I
  • Interested Groups
  • JUSSCANNZ -Japan, USA, Switzerland, Canada,
    Australia, Norway y New Zeland-
  • EU
  • G77 CHINA
  • AOSIS (Aliance of Small Island States)
  • Note Evolution from JUSSCANNZ to Umbrella Grop
    Japan, Canada, Russia y Australia, USA.

6
Kioto Protocol II
  • Ratify (19 Septiembre 2005)
  • Entry into force in 16/02/05
  • 156 countries
  • 61.6 of emissions
  • Russia was the last country ratifying the
    Protocol and then the Protocol entried into
    force.
  • USA and Australia have not ratificated it.

7
Flexibility Mechanisms I
The Protocol defined this 3 mechanisms to lower
the overall costs of achieving its emissions
targets The Mechanisms under the Kyoto
Protocol Joint Implementation, Clean
Development Mechanism Emissions Trading
8
Flexibility mechanisms II
Between Annex I Parties
  • 1. Emissions Trading
  • Provides for Annex I Parties to acquire
    units from other Annex I Parties and use them
    towards meeting their emissions targets under the
    Kyoto Protocol.
  • 2. Joint Implementations
  • Provides for Annex I Parties to implement
    projects that reduce emissions, or remove carbon
    from the atmosphere, in other Annex I Parties, in
    return for emission reduction units (ERUs

9
Flexibility mechanisms III
Between Annex I Parties and no Annex I Parties
  • Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)
  • Provides for Annex I Parties to implement
    project activities that reduce emissions in
    non-Annex I Parties, in return for certified
    emission reductions (CERs ).
  • Such projects are to assist the developing
    country host Parties in achieving sustainable
    development and in contributing to the ultimate
    objective of the Convention

10
European Union
  • EU Bubble Fulfillment
  • Germany -21 -18.90
  • Denmark -21 -0.80
  • Austria -13 -8.5
  • United Kingdom -12.5 -14.90
  • Luxembourg -8 -15.10
  • Belgium -7 -2.10
  • Italy -6.5 9.00
  • Holland -6 0.60

Finland 0 6.80 France
0 -1.90 Sweden 4
-3.70 Irland 13
28.90 SPAIN 15 39.40 Greek
25 26.50 Portugal 27
41.00 TOTAL E.U. -8
-2.9 Details Ap. 2004
11
European Union IICommitments of average
reduction 2008-2010 (- 5.2)
  • Lituania -8
  • Norway 1
  • Russi 0
  • Switzerland -8
  • Bulgaria -8
  • Czech R. -8
  • Hungary -6
  • Letonia -8
  • Monaco -8
  • Poland -6
  • Slovakia -8
  • Ukranian 0
  • Australia 8
  • Canada -6
  • Estonian -8
  • Iceland 10
  • Liech. -8
  • N. Zealand 0
  • Rumania -8
  • Eslovenia -8
  • USA -7
  • Croatia -5
  • EU -8
  • Japan -6

12
Post Kioto positions
  • European Union
  • Year 2020 15-20 decreased GHG
  • Year 2050 60-80 decreased GHG
  • USA and their allieds (Saudi Arabia)
  • Contraction and Convergence The future
    entitlements to emit will have become
    proportional to population. The countries Annex I
    must reduced their emmision and the other
    countries could increase them until to get the
    same quantity.

13
Contraction and Convergence
14
European Union per capita emission
Emisiones per cápita (t CO2 equiv/hab) en cada
estado miembro de la UE en el último año
disponible.Fuente Inventarios oficiales
enviados a la CMCC.
15
GHG of Annex I Parties (1990-2002)
16
Word GHG emission (Year 2000)
17
Word GHG emission (Year 1995)
18
Involved Actors
  • Social Actors
  • Industry
  • USA- Europe
  • Trade Unions
  • Environmental NGO
  • Aborigens
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