The State of the Route

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The State of the Route
VANETs
Presented By Tyler Stransky Ilya Tabakh
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Contents

• 1. Routing in Static Ad-Hoc Networks
• 2. MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)
• 3. Application aware routing in VANETs
• 4. Geographic routing and broadcasting in VANETs
• 5. Security Apps

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Contents

• 1. Routing in Static Ad-Hoc Networks
• 2. MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)
• 3. Application aware routing in VANETs
• 4. Geographic routing and broadcasting in VANETs
• 5. Security Apps

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Routing in Static Ad-Hoc Networks

• Static Ad-Hoc Network Assumptions
• Nodes are stationary post-deployment
• Constant number of nodes in broader network
• Node must be within communicating range of other
  nodes

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Static Ad-Hoc Network Assumptions

• Routing Protocols Used
• Proactive
• DSR
• Reactive
• AODV
• Hybrid
• ZRP

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Contents

• 1. Routing in Static Ad-Hoc Networks
• 2. MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)
• 3. Application aware routing in VANETs
• 4. Geographic routing and broadcasting in VANETs
• 5. Security Apps

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MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)

• MANET Assumptions
• Node can move in any direction
• Possible power considerations
• Bandwidth considerations because of need to deal
  with mobility

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MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)

• VANET assumptions
• No power concerns
• Mobility is more structured
• Nodes can have very high speed
• Road network information is available
• Geographic position available

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MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)

• VANET Applications
• Comfort
• Transportation Information Systems, Payment
  Systems, etc...
• Broadcasts
• Multi-hop/Geographic Routing Broadcasting
• Safety (covered later)

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Contents

• 1. Routing in Static Ad-Hoc Networks
• 2. MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)
• 3. Application aware routing in VANETs
• 4. Geographic routing and broadcasting in VANETs
• 5. Security Apps

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Application aware routing in VANETs

• Evaluation of Routing Protocols for VANETs
• in Typical Road Traffic Scenarios
• AODV, DSR, FSR and TORA where examined
• AODV works the best
• Problems caused by
• High mobility of vehicles
• Fast changing network topologies
• Protocols showed highly varied results

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Application aware routing in VANETs

• Information Dissemination in Self-Organizing
  Intervehicle NetworksWischhof, Ebner Rohling
• Congestion Control in Vehicular Ad Hoc
  NetworksWischhof Rohling

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Application aware routing in VANETs

• Information Dissemination in Self-Organizing
• Intervehicle Networks
• SODAD Segment-Oriented Data Abstraction
  Dissemination
• Map Coded Road Segments (100m/200m)
• Data
• Location Relevant
• Independent Messages

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Application aware routing in VANETs

• Local Broadcast
• No Routing/Addressing
• Application Layer Store-and-Forward
• Message Relevancy
• Adaptive Broadcast
• Provocation / Mollification
• Distance From Provocation
• Reservation Based MAC
• Starvation (Congestion Control) 3
• Packet Utility Function Header

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Contents

• 1. Routing in Static Ad-Hoc Networks
• 2. MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)
• 3. Application aware routing in VANETs
• 4. Geographic routing and broadcasting in VANETs
• 5. Security Apps

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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting

• Performance Evaluation of two Location-Based
• Routing Protocols in VANETs
• GPSR
• LORA-CBF
• Simplified network
• topology

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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting

• Performance Evaluation of two Location-Based
• Routing Protocols in VANETs
• GPSR
• Greedy
• Right Hand Rule
• CarNet
• LORA-CBF
• Cluster Based Flooding
• Address Appended
• Lower Discovery Time

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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting

• CarNet
• Local Greedy Routing (GPSR)
• Grid Location Service
• Hierarchy of Responsible Nodes

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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting

• Spatial and Traffic-Aware Routing
• (STAR) for Vehicular Systems
• Spatial Aware Geographic Routing
• Many Obstacles (buildings, etc...)
• Street Aware
• Vehicle Movement Constrained
• Intersections/Anchor Points
• Partial Path

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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting
F. Giudici E. Pagani, Spatial and Traffic-Aware
Routing (STAR) for Vehicular Systems
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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting

• Spatial and Traffic-Aware Routing (STAR)
• for Vehicular Systems
• Traffic Aware
• Traffic Information
• Weighted Graphs
• Intersections/Vertex, Roads/Edges
• Dijkstras Algorithm
• Bus Routes Route Stability 7

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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting

• Urban Multi-Hop Broadcast Protocol for Inter-
• Vehicle Communication Systems
• Repeaters (RTS/CTS)
• Directional
• Request/Clear To Broadcast
• Black-Burst based on Distance

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Geographic Routing and Broadcasting

• Urban Multi-Hop Broadcast
• Protocol for Inter-Vehicle
• Communication Systems
• Loops
• Prevent Rebroadcast (CTS)

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Contents

• 1. Routing in Static Ad-Hoc Networks
• 2. MANETs vs. VANETs (assumptions)
• 3. Application aware routing in VANETs
• 4. Geographic routing and broadcasting in VANETs
• 5. Security Apps

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Secure Applications in VANETs

• Vehicle-to-Vehicle Safety Messaging in DSRC
• Safety Messaging
• Public Key Infrastructure 10
• Time Constraints
• lt 500 milliseconds -- Human Reaction
• gt 50 milliseconds -- 2m lane movement

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Secure Applications in VANETs
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Secure Applications in VANETs

• Vehicle-to-Vehicle Safety Messaging in DSRC
• MAC Layer Reliability
• RTS/CTS, TCP -- Acknowledgment Based
• Repetitive Transmission
• Over Message Lifetime
• Short Messages -- Slotted
• Asynchronous Fixed Repetition w/Carrier Sensing

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Secure Applications in VANETs

• Secure Communication for Intersection
• Assistance
• Switching Times
• Right of Way Violations
• Emergency/Authorized Vehicle Assistance

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Secure Applications in VANETs
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Secure Applications in VANETs

• Privacy
• Encrypted Session
• Traffic Signal Identifies Vehicle
• Attacks
• Eavesdropping
• Replay
• Man-in-the-middle
• Timing Constraints
• Cryptographic Overhead
• Traffic Signal Timings Dominate

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Fin , Questions?!?!
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References

• 1Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Vehicular
  Ad Hoc Networks in Typical Road Traffic Scenarios
• Sven Jaap, Marc Bechler Lars Wold
• 2Information Dissemination in Self-Organizing
  Intervehicle NetworksWischhof, Ebner Rohling
• 3Congestion Control in Vehicular Ad Hoc
  NetworksWischhof Rohling

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References (cont.)
Multi-hop/Geographic Routing Broadcasting

• 4Performance Evaluation of two Location-Based
  Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks
• R. A. Santos, O. Álvarez, A. Edwards
• 5CarNet A Scalable Ad Hoc Wireless Network
  SystemR. Morris, J. Jannotti, F. Kaashoek, J. Li
  D. Decouto
• 6Spatial and Traffic-Aware Routing (STAR) for
  Vehicular SystemsF. Giudici E. Pagani
• 7A-STAR A Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Strategy for
  Metropolis Vehicular CommunicationsB. Seet, G.
  Liu, B. Lee, C. Foh, K. Wong, K. Lee
• 8Urban Multi-Hop Broadcasts Protocol for
  Inter-Vehicle Communication SystemsG. Korkmaz
  E. Ekici

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References (cont.)
Secure Applications in VANETs

• 9Vehicle-to-Vehicle Safety Messaging in DSRCQ.
  Xu, T. Mak R. Sengupta
• 10The Security of Vehicular Ad Hoc NetworksM.
  Raya, J. Hubaux
• 11Secure Communication for Intersection
  AssistanceF. Dötzer, F. Kohlmayer, T. Kosch M.
  Strassberger