Sugar Pyrolysis in Cigarettes

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Sugar Pyrolysis in Cigarettes
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Define Change in Smoke Chemistry (vs. reference
cigarette)What is change?

• What is change?
• Change is defined by current validated
  analytical methods
• Change as defined by risk
• Change defined as new additions to smoke
  chemicals
• Change defined as more of the same?

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Determining change by determining the Fate of
the additive

• Stable isotope methods or radiolabeled methods
• Unchanged
• Partially changed (combustion chemistry)
• Totally changed
• Influence smoke chemistry
• New combustion products
• Increase or decrease existing products

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Sugars in Cigarettes

• Found naturally in the tobacco leaf ( 0.8 to
  25)
• Air cured tobaccos have lower levels ( burley and
  Maryland)
• Oriental Tobacco has levels from 5 to 25.
• Sugars are added to Cigarettes
• Casings ( help hold form and moisture)
• Flavor and texture (mellow or smooth)

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Sugars in Cigarettes Natural vs. Additive

• Naturally occurring in leaf mono, di and
  polysaccharides ( carbohydrates 40 of leaf
  lamina).
• Sugars are added to Cigarettes usually as a
  monosaccharide (sucrose or glucose).
• Added directly to the tobacco during
  manufacturing.
• Spray application ( up to 3.5 by wt.)

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Define Change in Smoke Chemistry with Sucrose as
an additive

• Fate Studies do not always differentiate surface
  applied from naturally occurring sugars within
  the leaf.
• Total carbohydrates contribute to same products.
• Fate (pyrolysis, radiolabeled, and stable
  isotope)
• Radiolabeled (Jenkins et al 1975 Green 1977)
• Reference no filtered cigarette
• Carbon 14 sucrose and glucose

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Pyrolysis of Sucrose

• Results Carbon 14
• 99.5 changed in mainstream
• MS 8.4 gas 4.2 TPM
• SS 73 gas 7.4 TPM (40 CO2 and 10 CO)
• Butt 4.7
• Ash 7.4 (0.3)
• Unchanged found on particulate 0.5
• Distribution radioactivity- 12.6 in mainstream ,
  80.4

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Pyrolysis Products

• Most prevalent Products gas phase radiolabled
  studies
• Furans and Carbonyls
• Other products
• Acetonitrile
• Acetone
• Acetaldehyde

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Pyrolysis ProductsCO2 and Formaldehyde
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Change in Smoke Chemistry with Sugar as an
additive

• Results (Thornton and Massey)

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Change in Smoke Chemistry with Sugar as an
additive

• Results continued

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Define Change in Smoke Chemistry with Menthol as
an additive

• Evaluation of Sugar for Use as a Cigarette
  ingredient by PM (along with other ingredients)
• Reference 1R4F
• Smoke products analyzed by PM numbered 50
• FTC analytes
• TPM, Nicotine, Water and CO

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Change in Smoke Chemistry with sugar as an
additive

• Conclusions
• Adds to already existing smoke products. (Overall
  changes difficult to detect)
• No change in nicotine levels.
• No data on overall constituents (PM report has
  results but includes the groups of 330 test
  ingredients)
• No really clean study completed in regards to our
  interests.