James Hamilton, Tube City IMS,

1

• James Hamilton, Tube City IMS,
• Technical Manager Aggregate Sales
• Jim Gue, ODNR, Div. Of Mineral Resources
  Management
• Environmental Specialist II
• Cheryl Socotch, ODNR, Div. Of Mineral Resources
  Management
• Hydrogeologist
• The Use Of Steel Slag In Passive Treatment Design
  For AMD Discharge in the Huff Run Watershed
  Restoration
• West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium
• Morgantown, West Virginia April 11, 2007

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Steel Making

• Slag
• Iron Slag
• Steel Making Slag
• Nonferrous
• Steel Making Slag
• BOF
• 50 Iron 50 Scrap
• EAF
• 100 Scrap
• Variations of Steel Grades
• Variations of Slag Grades
• 2700oF
• Creates amorphous glassy solid matrixes

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Steel Making Slag

• 19 million tons consumed domestically.
• 90 sites in 32 states.
• Product of elemental makeup.
• Alteration of Carbon content O2 and Flux.
• Leachate
• Metals and metalloids.
• Calcium.

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Chemical 7 Physical Properties of Steel Slag

• Calcium Carbonate Precipitate
• CaCO3 (Tufa)
• Pozzolanic Effect
• R.M. Feldman 1981
• White powdery precipitate goes into solution.
• pH of 10 to 11.
• Hardening.
• Physical Properties.
• High proctor values typically 135 -145 lbs/ft3.
• Good flow for easy placement and compaction.
• Graded to various requirements.

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Leachate Requirements and Date
Current TCLP results of Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel
Slag as compared to the ODNR standards.

• Current Chemistries for Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel
  Slag.

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Huff Run Watershed Restoration

• Huff Run Watershed Restoration Partnership, Inc.
• ODNR
• Fall 1996 Public meeting.
• 1997 inventory
• March 2000 Huff Run AMDAT Plan.
• Lindontree 2003
• Lyons 2005
• Belden, 42, 25. - 2007

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Lindentree Reclamation Project - 2003

• Passive system
• Supersaturate good water
• Steel Slag and Limestone
• Pre - pH 3.97, net acidity
• Post pH 8.0, net acidity

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Lindentree Reclamation Project

• Three most important criteria for treatment
  system.
• 1. Excavate, backfill, and grade channels.
• Treat impounds with alkaline materials.
• - Steel Slag and Limestone Rip Rap.
• Drop out heavy metals.
• - Settling pond and aerobic wetlands.

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Lindentree Reclamation Project
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Lyons Reclamation Project - 2005

• Passive system
• Supersaturate good water
• Treatments.
• Mine spoil and exposed coal refuse.
• Steel Slag and Limestone Rip Rap channels.
• Steel Slag dikes.

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Lyons Reclamation Project

• Steel Slag and Limestone bed and channels.
• Supersaturate water
• This pool was treated with 2 X ½ Steel Slag.

12
Lyons Reclamation Project

• Rock channels using ½ X 0 Steel Slag and
  Limestone Riprap.
• High precipitation events.

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Lyons Reclamation Project

• Steel Slag and Limestone Rip Rap channels.
• Deep mine seepage.

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Lyons Reclamation Project
Water Flow.

• Steel Slag dikes.
• Submerged Steel Slag ½ X 0.
• Constant leaching of calcium carbonate
  precipitate.

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Lyons Reclamation Project
Site Location Historical pH Data Post-construction pH
Background Study July 1998 to June 1999 Average 3.18 (12)
Pre-construction 2005 Average 3.19 (2)
Post-construction 2006 6.33
Post-construction 2006 Deep Mine 3.71

• Low cost for high alkaline additives
• Steel Slag rock channels, beds, and dikes.
• Deep well migration.

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Other Applications of Slag
Other Slag Applications in Ohio
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Little Raccoon Creek Watershed

• Buckeye Furnace Reclamation Project (1999)
• First large-scale use of Steel Slag
• Two Steel Slag beds w/ combination of other
  treatment systems

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Buckeye Furnace Problems with early SSB

• Undersized SS Beds
• Not enough retention
• Silt problems
• Need pre-ponds

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Mulga Run-Dutcher Reclamation Project, Raccoon
Creek
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Mulga Run SSB

• Constructed 2004
• Two SSB combined with reclamation and wetland
  enhancement
• Continue to work well
• Clean-out locations need modified

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Flint Run Lake Milton Projects

• Largest contributor of AMD to LRC
• Combined Use of SS
• OLC with SS base
• HUGE SSB
• Able to control flows through SSB

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Flint Run East-Phase 1.

• Drain existing ponds
• Re-route drainage around refuse.
• Highly acidic water
• Treat with SSB, OLC, and SAPS.
• Complete 2005-06

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Phase 2 Lake Milton

• Repair Exist Dam
• Steel Slag Bed (SSB)
• SAPS
• Construction complete Fall 2006

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Lake Milton SSB
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Monday Creek Restoration Partnership Snake
Hollow

• Joint project with USFS
• Steel Slag bedding in OLC
• Steel slag leach beds and berm.

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Monday Creek Restoration Partnership Lost Run

• Refuse piles, strip pits, discharging underground
  mine portals, and subsidence.
• 13 of AMD load to Monday Creek.
• OLC channels with SS bedding.
• 2 Steel slag leach beds.

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Steel Slag

• Low cost for high alkaline output.
• pH levels of 10 to 11over long periods of time.
• Ease of handling and application.
• High permeability regardless of H2O volume.
• Doesnt absorb Co2 which would cause it to revert
  back to limestone.
• Low sludge removal.
• Environmental advantages for utilization of
  by-products.
• Residuals encased in oxides or in
  calcium-alumina-silicates.

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ODNR Reason for using Steel Slag
Steel Slag yields several hundred times more
alkalinity per equal weight than limestone.
Long Term Passive Treatment
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James Hamilton, Tube City IMS, Technical
Manager Aggregate Sales Jim Gue, ODNR, Div. Of
Mineral Resources Management Environmental
Specialist II Cheryl Socotch, ODNR, Div. Of
Mineral Resources Management Hydrogeologist The
Use Of Steel Slag In Passive Treatment Design
For AMD Discharge in the Huff Run Watershed
Restoration West Virginia Mine Drainage Task
Force Symposium Morgantown, West Virginia April
11, 2007