Midchildhood

1
Mid-childhood

• 6-12 years
• Beginning of school years
• Peer relations become more and more important
• Physical growth
• Piaget concrete operational stage

2
Piaget concrete operational stage

• Children can solve conservation problems (volume,
  weight, number)
• Core development children are not influenced any
  more by perceptual factors, shift from perception
  to logic
• But dev. is still not over children cannot
  figure out problems without the help of physical
  objects

3
Some of Piagets examples for concrete operations

• Classification set and subset
• Inferences
• Transitive inference
• If Ann is taller than Bill, and Bill is taller
  than Chris, who is the tallest?
• Numeration understanding the sequence of
  numbering

4
Criticisms of Piaget

• Usual argument younger children are able to
  solve certain versions of these tasks
• -gt there is no real boundary between pre- and
  concrete operational stage
• Cultural differences, effects of schooling

5
Math Addition

• Reminder Wynn 5-month-old infants are able to
  track two objects
• Preschoolers strategies
• Counting all
• School-age children
• First counting on
• Later subvocal counting
• Finally recalling memorized calculations

6
Formal and informal math

• Study of Brazilian street children
• Children used different methods in real, everyday
  life and the classroom
• Formal arithmetic is seen as an arbitrary set of
  rules
• Informal math procedures that children use
  effortlessly

7
Reading and writing

• Reading is a high-level cognitive process

8
Learning to read and write

• Written languages
• Alphabetic
• e.g. Roman English, Spanish
• Cyrillic Russian, etc.
• Non-alphabetic (logographic)
• e.g. Chinese, Japanese, etc.

9
Orthographic regularity

• The correspondence between phonology
  (pronunciation) and orthography (spelling)
• High OR Spanish, Italian, German
• Low OR English
• Same spelling, diff. pron. cut - put us - as
  camel - ceiling
• Diff. spelling, same pron. flew, flu cake