Today

1
Todays lecture

• Follow-up on last week
• Dahl
• Definitions of democracy
• Preliminary glimpse of the causes of democracy,
  or democratization intermingled with other
  stuff
• The consequences of democracy relatively brief
  because readings quite clear

2
Aristotles typology of regimes the truth of
the matter!!!
Q2 In whose interest do the rulers rule? Q1 Who rules? Q1 Who rules? Q1 Who rules?
Q2 In whose interest do the rulers rule? One Few Many
General good Monarchy Aristocracy Polity
Rulers Tyranny Oligarchy Democracy
3
Govt.
Naïve view
Citizens
4
Pyramidal view
Govt.
5
Pluralist view
Elected politicians
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
Specialized elites
The mass Public ?????
6
What would a modern definition of democracy
contain?

• Rule by the many
• But realized through political representatives .
  . .
• Who are chosen through competitive popular
  election
• Protection for minorities otherwise, danger of
  majority dictatorship raises question of which
  rights are essential minority restraint is also
  important
• Not either-or proposition a continuum, not a
  category
• So intermediate, mixed, and hybrid regimes are
  common
• No one best form of government for democracy
  multiple possibilities form of government does
  have consequences
• Beware fakes!
• Salvage Electoral democracy vs. Liberal democracy

7
What about nondemocratic regimes?

• They are pretty complex, too
• Traditional authoritarianism (patrimonialism)
• Modern totalitarianism
• Competitive authoritarianism

8
Trend in Polity IV scores
9
Trends in high Polity scores
10
Number of state units (Polity IV study)
11
Schematic regime trajectories
Competitive authoritarianism
Traditional authoritarianism
Modern totalitarianism
Electoral democracy
Liberal democracy
Most democratic
Most autocratic
12
Amartya Sen on benefits of democracy

• Intrinsic
• Instrumental
• Constructive