Insect Notes: Order Ephemeroptera short lived adults

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Insect NotesOrder Ephemeroptera- (short lived
adults)

• A. soft bodied insects with 2 long threadlike
  tails
• B. often found around ponds and streams
• C. immature stage is aquatic
• D. incomplete (simple) metamorphosis with a
  special non-adult stage called subimago.
• E. adults are usually collected in alcohol

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Order Odonata -(tooth as in mandibles)example)
dragonflies and damselflies

• A. They are relatively large and often
  beautifully colored insects
• B. Immature forms are aquatic- adults are usually
  found near water.
• C. all stages are predaceous
• D. has 4 wings that are elongated, many veined
  and membranous
• E. compound eyes
• F. largest dragonfly in this country was about
  85mm in length

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Order Odonata -(tooth as in mandibles)example)
dragonflies and damselflies

• G. damselflies fold their wings upward when
  resting, and dragonflies do not.
• MYTH People once believed that dragonflies were
  able to "sew up" a persons lips or ears. This may
  be the reason why some dragonflies are called
  "darners" a "darner" is also a kind of knitting
  needle.

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Order Orthoptera- (straight wings)

• A. includes grasshoppers, crickets,
  walkingsticks, mantids, cockroaches
• B. most insects in this order are plant feeders,
  and they are a pest of cultivated plants.
• C. maybe winged (usually four wings or wingless)
• D. many have a long ovipositor
• E. great singers (grasshoppers crickets) by
  stridulation (rubbing one body part against
  another)
• F. some old-timers use them to regulate the
  temperature change by the number of chirps. ( of
  chirps in 15s add 37 and thats the temperature
  in F)

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Order Orthoptera- examples
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Order Isoptera- (equal wings)

• A. includes termites or sometimes called white
  ants
• B. small to medium size live in colonies and
  have highly developed caste system
• C. difference between ants and termites-
• Termites are soft-bodied, light color, broadly
  joined to the thorax.
• Ants are hard-bodied and dark in color
  constricted at the base.

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Order Isoptera- (equal wings)

• D. caste system with workers pointed heads,
  soldiers-large mandibles, and King and Queen.
• E. have flagellated protozoan living in their
  digestive tract to break down the wood fibers.
• F. harbor bacteria in mutualism

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Order Hemiptera-half wing(These are true bugs!)

• A. includes stink bugs, leaf-footed bugs,
  toadbug, assassin bug, wheelbug, bedbug, water
  strider, waterboatmen, backswimmer.

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Order Hemiptera-half wing(These are true bugs!)

• B. most distinctive feature structure of the
  front wing which is thickened leathery with a
  hemelytra called a scutellum.
• C. piercing, sucking mouthparts with slender
  segmented beak
• D. Feed on plant juices, few are predaceous

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Order Homoptera- like wings(closely related to
Hemiptera)

• A. includes cicadas, leaf hoppers, psyllids,
  whiteflies, aphids, and scale insects.

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Order Homoptera- like wings(closely related to
Hemiptera)

• B. plant feeders and some species are serious
  pests of crops and can transmit plant diseases
• C. sucking mouthparts with beaks
• D. winged or wingless
• E. has very small scutellum

12
Order Neuroptera- nerve wings

• A. includes alderflies, dobson flies, fishflies,
  snakeflies, lacewings, and antlions.

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Order Neuroptera- nerve wings

• B. soft bodied with 4 membranous wings which are
  usually held roof like over the body at rest
• C. undergoes complete metamorphosis (egg, larva,
  pupa, adult)
• D. adults are weak fliers
• E. Larva are mostly aquatic except antlions
• F. generally found near water

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Order Coleoptera- sheath wings(Beetles)

• A. the largest order of insects- about 40
• B. found mostly everywhere with many species
  being great economic importance
• C. most distinctive features are the wing
  structures which have 4 wings with the front pair
  thickened, leathery or hard brittle usually
  meeting in a straight line down the middle of the
  back
• Scarab beetle

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Order Coleoptera- sheath wings(Beetles)

• D. front wings are called elytra which serves as
  protection
• E. chewing mouthparts with mandibles, few with a
  snout
• F. complete metamorphosis
• G. feed on all sorts of plants and animal
  materials

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Order Lepidoptera-scale wings

• A. examples are butterflies and moths
• B. recognized by the colorful scales on the wings
• C. large order with 11,000 species found
  everywhere
• D. economically important to man
• E. plant feeders many are a serious pest on
  crops
• F. adults are usually colorful
• G. complete metamorphosis with larva
  (caterpillar) some with silk glands.

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Order Diptera-flies

• A. includes mosquitoes, black flies, horseflies
• B. possess only 1 pair of wings which is in the
  front a haltere- knobbed structure where the
  2nd wings should be.
• C. relatively small and soft-bodied
• D. very large order, abundant, found almost
  everywhere

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Order Diptera-flies

• E. mostly blood-sucking and serious pest of man
  animals
• F. Mosquitoes can carry West Nile Virus, Yellow
  Fever, malaria. Flies can carry,diptheria,
  typhoid, cholera, bacillary dysentary.
• G. undergoes complete metamorphosis (larva called
  maggots)
• H. adults feed on various plant and animal juices

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Order Siphonaptera-tube wingless (fleas)

• A. are small wingless jumping insects
• B. blood feeders of birds and mammals
• C. annoying biters and few act as a vector
  (plague black death)
• D. flattened laterally with numerous backward
  spines and bristles
• E. eggs usually laid in the dirt or nest of host
  with larva spinning a cocoon.

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Order Hymenoptera-(god of marriage referring to
the union of front hind wings)

• A. includes sawflies, ichneumons, ants, wasps,
  and bees.
• B. usually parasitic predaceous on other
  insects, pests, bees being pollinators
• C. 4 wings with the hind wing being smaller
• D. complete metamorphosis
• E. larva are grub-like or maggot-like