POS 203: Introduction to Political Science 09282006'

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POS 203 Introduction to Political Science
09/28/2006.

• Course Status
• Presentation topic/date selection.
• October 5th, paper topic assignment.
• One to two paragraph description.
• Works Cited/Bibliography.
• 3 sources, properly cited.
• Indicate citation style (MLA, APA, etc.).
• Wikipedia counts as one source, no matter how
  many times cited.
• Follow-up from 09/21/2006.
• Comparative Studies of Genocide.
• Yale University Genocide Studies Program.
• Institute for the Study of Genocide.
• Univ. Maryland Genocide Politicide Project.

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• Genocide and Empire.
• Freedom, Democide, War Rummel University of
  Hawaii.

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• Imperial Conquest Western Hemisphere Impact1.

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• Imperial Conquest Western Hemisphere Impact2.

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• Methods of Comparison.
• Small-n to Large n-studies.
• Single to multiple countries.
• Most Similar Systems Design.
• Most Different Systems Design.
• Landman, Chap. 3.
• Choosing countries and problems of comparison.
• Too many variables and too few countries.
• Equivalence.
• Selection bias.
• Spuriousness.
• Ecological/individualist fallacies.
• Values bias.

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• Democracy and Empire.
• Empires necessarily always authoritarian?
• Does internal form of government matter for
  definition of empire?
• Is empire distinct from nation-state or
  multi-ethnic/national federations?
• Core governing apparatus.
• Metropole/Nation-State.
• Networks of elites (aristocratic/warrior/ethnic/re
  ligious).

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• Imperialism and Empire.
• From Doyle, Michael. 1986. Empires. Cornell
  Univ. Press.
• Empire.
• Political control imposed by some political
  societies over effective sovereignty of other
  political societies.
• Imperialism.
• Process of establishing and maintaining an
  empire.
• Imperial Metropole.
• Peripheries.
• Vulnerable.
• What types of vulnerabilities?

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• Howe.
• All history is imperial - or colonial .
• Opens with a series of examples.
• US pending war with/intervention in Iraq.
• Israeli/Palestinian Conflict.
• Turkish/Kurd Conflict.
• Trial of Milosevic/international law as product
  of succession of empires.
• Scottish Parliament.
• Echoes of Empire.
• Lord of the Rings, Empire Strikes Back, Evil
  Empire from Reagan to Rage Against the Machine.

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• Howes Three Goals
• Interpretation of the idea of empire.
• Disentangle the various meanings of empire.
• Empire, imperialism, colonialism, colonization,
  neocolonialism.
• Afterlives of empire.
• Howe, like Doyle and others points out empire
  ideologically loaded term.
• Etymology of empire.
• Latin imperium - sovereignty or rule.
• Dual aspect wage war, make rules.

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• Imperium.
• Extensive size.
• Universality.
• Boundary between barbarian and civilization.
• Empires.
• Large.
• Diverse.
• Direct and Indirect rule.
• Violence and the acquisition and maintenance of
  empire.

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• Empire and Imperialism.
• Imperialism referred to Napoleon III attempt to
  re-establish Napoleons empire.
• British use.
• Attitude vs. Fact of empire.
• Critics of Empire.
• Hobson.
• Lenin.
• Hardt and Negri.

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• Critics of Empire Hobson and Lenin - Empire and
  Capitalism.
• Hobson - British Empire. Imperialism (1902)
• Dispositional Theory.
• Imperialism result of three forces.
• Economic, Political, Socio-psychological.
• Economic.
• Special Interests (financiers, munitions
  manufacturers).
• Underconsumption and oversaving in the metropole.
• Combine to force metropole to seek external
  markets and investment opportunities.
• Political - Reactionary Alliance manipulating
  democracy.
• Socio-psychological. Introduction of reforms
  (esp. redistribution of income and labor unions
  in metropole) would change consciousness and
  produce peaceful, commercial, internationalism.

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• Critics of Empire Hobson and Lenin - Empire and
  Capitalism.
• Lenin. Imperialism Highest Stage of Capitalism.
  (1917)
• Imperialisms Essential Features.
• Concentration of production and capital produces
  monopolies.
• Bank and industrial capital merges, creates
  financial oligarchy.
• Export of capital of equal importance to export
  of commodities.
• International combines/corporations divide the
  world according to economic interests.
• Entire planet divided between capitalist powers.
• 3 Forces driving acquisition of external
  territories.
• Superabundance of capital. Underconsumption.
  Search for markets and raw materials.
• Imperialism would create global war.
• Solution Global proletarian revolution.

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• Critics of Empire.
• Schumpeter - Imperialism and Social Classes
  (1919).
• atavistic war machine.
• Atavism - 1. resemblance to remote ancestor in
  some characteristic which nearer ancestors do not
  have. 2. reversion to a primitive type.
• Based ideas of war machine on ancient empires,
  especially militarized Egypt.
• Created by wars that required it, the machine
  now created the wars it required.
• War machine is separate and distinct from
  capitalism for Schumpeter.
• Global capitalism can develop without
  imperialism.

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• Critics of Empire.
• Hobson and Lenin - Empire and Capitalism.
• Schumpeter - atavistic war machine.
• Hardt and Negri. Empire. 2000.
• Empire - global economic system and incipient
  development of a supranational center.
• Juridical supranational order ala United Nations,
  international law.
• Hobbesian vs. Lockean conceptions of development
  of empire/global order.
• Empire as juridical concept.
• Right of empire based notions construction of
  new order establishing the spatial boundaries of
  civilization has pretensions of transcending
  temporal barriers as well.

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• Critics of Empire - Hardt and Negri continued.
• 21st century empire one of global policing.
• Policing is an contradictory concept global
  capitalism, global human rights, norms of
  international behavior in tension.
• Policing - an historically bounded possibility
  that will fade and be replaced with anarchic
  norms?
• Limits of Empire and Great Powers.
• International environment dynamic.
• Hegemony has always receded.
• Related to structural economic and technological
  dynamics.

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• Howe, Chapter 4.
• Ends and Aftermaths of Empire.
• Post-World War II decolonization.
• Rapid creation of 100 sovereign states.
• Remarkably non-violent on the whole.
• Intense conflicts.
• French and British colonial holdings.
• Domestic consequences for imperial cores.
• French political system Algerian conflict.
• Colonialism self defeating enterprise (p. 108).
• Former colonial areas, now states, attempted to
  form federal or regional alliances.
• Non-Aligned Movement (118 states).
• Malaysia current seat of NAM secretariat.
• 14th Conference Havana Cuba, 9/11-16, 2006.
• OAU now African Union.

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• Howe, Chapter 4 - 2.
• New empires for old?
• Age of formal empire is over.
• Maintaining client states not effective.
• Informal empire.
• Superpower spheres of influence.
• Very difficult to maintain.
• US has power capabilities.
• Iraq invasion/occupation demonstrates perhaps
  not.
• Rome/US comparison.
• US universal/civilizing mission.
• Bush IIs Global Democratic Revolution.
• Globalization and Empire.
• States still powerful.
• Political and cultural hegemony not complete, nor
  unidirectional (core/periphery interaction not
  one way transmission.

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• Howe, Chapter 5.
• What is distinctive about European empire
  building?
• Rarely a grand plan for empire.
• Means of empire vs. culture and ideology of
  empire.
• Overestimation of the importance of empire.
• Importance vs. moral approval of empire.
• Harsh judgment of empire (racism/genocide/underdev
  elopment).
• Benefits of empire?
• Economic development, stability.
• 21st century relevance of empire.
• Globalization and empire.
• National vs. imperial approach to global history.
• Imperial vs. global citizenship.

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• Cold War/Informal Empire/Internal Violence.
  Chomsky Herman 1976.

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• Next Class October 3rd.
• No assignments due.
• Landman, Part II Intro and Chapter 5.