Unit One Notes

1
Measurement Notes
A Brief History of Measurement
2
Standard Units of Measurements

• The units to which all measurements are compared
• English Units
• Distance foot (ft.) ()
• 12 inches (in.) () 1 ft.
• 3 1 yard (yd)
• 5280 1 mile (mi.)
• 6 ft. 1 fathom
• 93,000,000 miles 1 astronomical unit (A.U.)
  (average distance from Earth to Sun)

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• Light-year (L.Y.) distance light will travel in
  1 year
• Parsec 3.26 L.Y.
• Liquid Volume quart (qt.)
• 4 qt. 1 gallon (gal.)
• 2 pints (pt.) 1 qt.
• 2 cups 1 pt.
• Mass (weight) pound (lb)
• 16 ounces (oz.) 1 pound
• 2,000 lb. 1 ton

Measuring Volume
Measuring Mass
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• Time second (sec.)
• 60 sec. 1 minutes (min.)
• 60 min. 1 hour (hr.)
• 24 hr. 1 day
• 7 days 1 week
• 52 weeks 1 year
• 365 ¼ days 1 yr.
• 12 months 1 yr.
• 10 years 1 decade
• 100 years 1 century

5

• Temperature degree Fahrenheit (F)
• Water freezes at 32F
• Room temperature 68-72 F
• Body temperature 98.6F
• Water boils at 212 F

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• SI (metric) units
• Distance meter (m)
• Volume cubic meter (for liquid volume, the
  liter (L) is mostly used)
• Mass (weight) kilogram (kg)
• Kilogram is the standard unit
• Gram is the basic unit
• Metric ton 1,000 kilograms

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• Time second (same as English)
• Temperature Kelvin
• 1. Degree Celsius (C) is used most of the time
• 2. Water freezes at 0C
• 3. Room temperature 20-22 C
• 4. Body temperature 37 C
• 5. Water boils at 100 C

Measuring Temperature
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• Metric English unit comparisons
• Larger Smaller
• Metric ton English ton
• Liter Quart
• Pound Gram
• Meter Yard
• Mile Kilometer
• Kilogram Pound

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Metric System

• Metric prefixes
• Giga (G) 1,000,000,000 (billion)
• Mega (M) 1,000,000 (million)
• Kilo (k) 1,000
• Hecto (h) 100
• Deca (deka) (da) 10
• (Basic unit no prefix is used)
• Deci (d) 0.1
• Centi (c) 0.01
• Milli (m) 0.001
• Decimilli (dm) 0.0001
• Centimilli (cm) 0.00001
• Micro (µ) 0.000001
• Nano (n) 0.000000001

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• Metric abbreviations
• m meter
• km kilometer
• cm centimeter
• mm millimeter
• g gram
• kg kilogram
• mg milligram
• L liter
• kL kiloliter
• mL milliliter
• cc cubic centimeter
• cm3 cubic centimeter
• C degree Celsius

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• Metric definitions
• Liter volume of 1 cubic decimeter
• 1 decimeter (10 cm)
• 1 liter 1 dm3
• 1 liter 1000 cm3
• 1 liter 1000 mL
• 1 cm3 1 mL
• Gram mass (weight) of 1 cm3 of water
• 1 cc of water weighs 1 gram
• 1 mL of water weighs 1 gram

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Converting Units Length
Converting Units Volume
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Mass

• Amount of material (atoms) in an object
• Remains the same no matter where the object is
  (Earth, moon, deep space)
• Measured by placing the object in the earths
  gravitational field and determining how hard
  gravity pulls on the object. The more material
  (atoms), the harder gravity pulls, the more it
  weighs.

Measuring Mass
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Mass vs. Weight Whats the Difference?
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Density

• Density is a method of reporting how much
  material is contained in a standard volume (cm3)
• Density is calculated by dividing the mass
  (grams) by the volume (cm3)
• Unit for density is g/cm3
• Density of water
• 1 cm3 of water has a mass of 1 gram (weighs 1
  gram)
• D 1g/1cm3

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Measuring Density
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Specific Gravity

• The density of a substance compared to the
  density of water
• Tells how many times heavier an equal volume of a
  substance is than water
• Example
• Density of water 1 g/cm3
• Density of granite 2.5 g/cm3
• A cm3 of granite is 2.5 times heavier than a cm3
  of water
• The specific gravity of granite 2.5

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Graphing

• A graph is a visual display of information or
  data
• Different kinds of graphs are appropriate for
  displaying different types of information

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• Line Graphs
• Used to show trends or how the data change over
  time
• The independent variable is always plotted on the
  horizontal x-axis
• The dependent variable is always plotted on the
  vertical y-axis

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• Example

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• Bar Graphs
• Used to compare information collected by counting
• The bars are not connected
• Example

22

• Circle Graphs
• Used to show how some fixed quantity is broken
  down into parts
• Example

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The End!