Cerebral Cortex

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Cerebral Cortex

• Medical Neuroscience
• Dr. Wiegand

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Comparative Anatomy
cat
rat
human
Human cortical expansion not strictly due to
enlarged motor or primary sensory areas
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Landmarks
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Lobes
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
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Medial Surface
Frontal lobe
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• Parietal Lobe
• Post central gyrus
• Supramarginal and angular gyri
• Superior parietal lobule

• Frontal lobe
• Sup./mid./inf. gyri
• Precentral gyrus/sulcus
• Pars orpercularis, triangularis, orbitalis

• Temporal Lobe
• Sup./mid./inf. gyri
• Transverse gyri

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• Corpus callosum
• Callosal sulcus
• Cingulate gyrus/sulcus
• Anterior commissure
• Superior frontal gyrus
• Paracentral lobule
• Precuneus
• Cuneus
• Calcarine sulcus
• Lingual gyrus
• Fornix
• Septum pellucidum

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• Gyrus rectus
• Olfactory sulcus/tract/bulb
• Olfactory stria
• Orbital gyri
• Occipitotemporal gyrus
• Parahippocampal gyrus uncus
• Collateral rhinal sulci
• Ant./post. perforated substance

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Deep TelencephalicNuclei
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Gray Matter of the Cerebral Cortex

• Archicortex 3 layers (hippocampus)
• Neocortex 6 cellular layers

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Neocortex

• Neocortex 6 cellular layers
• Molecular layer mostly neuropil
• External granular layer stellate cells
• External pyramidal layer small pyramidal cells
• Internal granular layer stellate cells
• Internal pyramidal layer large pyramidal cells
• Multiform layer multiple cell types

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BrodmannAreas
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White Matter
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Commissural Fibers

• Anterior Commissure
• Inf. mid. temporal gyri, olfactory areas
• Posterior Commissure
• Preoptic nuclei (vision)
• Habenular Commissure
• Habenular nuclei (olfaction)
• Corpus Callosum
• Connects hemispheres
• Rostrum, genu, body splenium

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Commissural Fibers

• Anterior Commissure
• Inf. mid. temporal gyri, olfactory areas
• Posterior Commissure
• Preoptic nuclei (vision)
• Habenular Commissure
• Habenular nuclei (olfaction)
• Corpus Callosum
• Connects hemispheres
• Rostrum, genu, body splenium

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Association Fibers

• Short fibers connect adjacent gyri
• Long fibers
• Superior longitudinal fasc.
• Arcuate fasciculus
• Inferior longitudinal fasc.
• Cingulum septal area, cingulate and
  parahippocampal gyri
• Uncinate fasc. orbital frontal gyri to temporal
  pole

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Projection Fibers
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Internal Capsule Organization
lateral
medial
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Cortical Functional Organization
Similar organization in visual, auditory and
somatosensory cortices
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