???????????????%20Is%20Science%20Consistent%20With%20Belief%20in%20God?

1
??????????????? Is Science Consistent With
Belief in God?

• Robert J. Marks II
• Distinguished Professor Of Electrical and
  Computer Engineering

2
Abstract??

• Some believe those who objectively pursue
  truth through the scientific method cannot
  realistically embrace the truth of God.  The
  opposite is true.  Indeed, both today and in
  history, numerous scientists, mathematicians and
  engineers are motivated in their work by the
  uncovering of the precise orderliness and
  wonderful interrelations in God's creations.
  Recent advances in science have exposed numerous
  insights into God's existence.  We will discuss
  some of these, including anthropic principles,
  string theory, and the meanings of phrases like
  "before the beginning of time", "nothingness" and
  "infinity".   

3
The Question

• Q Can a faith in God be consistent with science?
  Can a scientist believe in God?
• A Science Mathematics offer overwhelming
  evidence that there is a God.

4
Some Atheist Thoughts about Belief in
God?????????????

• Christian theism must be rejected by any person
  with even a shred of respect for reason George
  H. Smith, Atheist Philosopher
• Bible miracles are very effective with an
  audience of unsophisticates and children Richard
  Dawkins.
• Faith is when you believe something no one in
  their right mind believes. Archie Bunker

5
Newton on Atheism
Newton
on Atheism
Atheism is so senseless and odious to mankind
that it never had many professors.
Isaac Newton quoted from Newtons Philosophy of
Nature Selections From His Writings (Hafner
Publishing, 1953)
6
Washington Post article describing international
conference on the nature of nature in Washington
D.C. in 1989
??????????

• Many scientist who were not long ago certain
  that the universe was created and peopled by
  accident are having second thoughts and concede
  the possibility that some intelligent creative
  force may have been necessary.

7
... and what does God tell us about Science?
8
Science and Theology?????

• My fellow astronomers are scaling the
  mountains of ignorance, conquering the highest
  peak, pulling themselves over the final rock
  to be greeted by a band of theologians who
  have been sitting there for centuries.

Robert Jastrow, founder and director of NASA's
Goddard Institute for Space
9
Examples...??

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

10
Cosmology The Big Bang????????

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

11
Cosmology The Big Bang????????

• The Possibilities
• Static homogeneous universe
• Cant be finite (collapse!)
• Cant be infinite (too bright!)
• Dynamic expanding universe
• ? Big Bang ?
• Evidence of Old Earth
• Hubbles Red Shift (1929)
• Radioactive Dating
• Antarctic ice drillings (20-25 Million Years)
• Background Radiation (Penzias Wilson _at_ Bell
  Labs, 1965).

12
The Dead Mans Syndrome...????

• We think in accordance to our presuppositions.

13
Cosmology The Big Bang????????

• The Big Bang awoke Dead Man Syndrome arguments
• The difficulty of the theory is that it seems
  to require a sudden and particular beginning of
  things.
• Philosophically, the notion of a beginning of
  the present order of Nature is repugnant to me
  I should like to find a genuine loophole.

Arthur Eddington (1882-1944)
14
Faith What do we know and when do we know it?

• Cosmologists think they know about the big bang
  from 10-43 seconds. What about before? No one
  knows! There is lots of guessing.
• all physical theories break down at the
  beginning of the universe. Stephen Hawking
• Hebrews 11 3 (NIV) By faith we understand that
  the universe was formed at God's command, so that
  what is seen was not made out of what was
  visible. Passage ? ? ? ? 1133 ? ? ? ? ? , ? ?
  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ?
  ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

15
Cosmology The Big Bang Before, there was
Nothing
???????? ????,?????

• Absence of matter energy
• Absence of SPACE
• Absence of TIME

16
Cosmology The Big Bang Time was created
?????????????

• time had a beginning at the big bang, in the
  sense that earlier times simply would not be
  defined. Stephen Hawking

17
Cosmology The Big Bang Time was created
?????????????

• 1 Corinthians 27 No, we speak of God's secret
  wisdom, a wisdom that has been hidden and that
  God destined for our glory before time began.
• Titus 12 a faith and knowledge resting on the
  hope of eternal life, which God, who does not
  lie, promised before the beginning of time,

18
Cosmology The Big Bang
???????? Some Old Questions Answered
In the beginning God created the heavens and the
earth. Passage ? ? ? 11? ? ? 1    1 ? ? ,
? ? ? ? ? ?If God created the universe, then He
exists outside of time. If God created us, who
created God? The question presupposes the flow
of time. It is without meaning.
19
????????Gods Time
Cosmology The Big Bang

• If God existed before time, then God can exist
  outside the framework of time.
• Movie Analogy
• Writing Analogy
• Consequences
• God can have personal relationships with all
• From Gods perspective, there is no conflict
  between free will and predestination (fate).
  Both are temporal concepts.

20
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number
Theory??Cantorian ?????

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

21
??Cantorian ?????Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp
CantorBorn 3 March 1845 in St Petersburg,
RussiaDied 6 Jan 1918 in Halle, Germany
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• Georg Cantor developed the set theory for
  transfinite numbers.

?
?1
?0
?2
?3
??o ?
Georg a Protestant, the religion of his father.
Georg's mother was a Roman Catholic
22
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• David Hilbert described Cantor's work as...the
  finest product of mathematical genius and one of
  the supreme achievements of purely intellectual
  human activity.
• "I see it but I don't believe it. Georg Cantor
  on his own theory.
• the infinite is nowhere to be found in reality
  David Hilbert.

Hilbert
http//www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/7Ehistory/Mathema
ticians/Cantor.html
23
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• is not a number it is a process.
• is approached, never achieved.

limn??
24
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?0

• The set of all counting numbers
• C1, 2, 3, 4,
• has cardinality ?0 .
• Other sets have cardinality ?0 if each element
  in the set can be placed on a one-to-one
  correspondence to C.

The number of elements in a set.
25
??Cantorian ?????The Hottentots (Gamow)
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• One
• Two
• Three
• Many

26
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?0

• The set of even numbers has cardinality ?0
• E2, 4, 6, 8,
• Why? Because of the correspondence

C 1 2 3 n
? ? ? ?
E 2 4 6 2n
27
??Cantorian ?????Hilberts Hotel
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?0

• ?0 Rooms all full.
• One more person comes.
• No Problem!
• Send guest in room 1 to room 2, guest 2 to room
  3, etc.
• This frees room 1 for the new guest.

28
??Cantorian ?????Hilberts Hotel
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?0

• ?0 Rooms all full.
• ?0 more person comes.
• No Problem!
• Send guest in room 1 to room 2, guest 2 to room
  4, 3 to 6, etc.
• This frees all the odd rooms for the new guests.

29
??Cantorian ?????Hilberts Hotel
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?0

• ?0 Rooms all full. ?0 guests leave. How many
  rooms are left occupied?
• Guests from all rooms leave.
• ?0 - ?0 0
• Guests from rooms 4 and higher leave.
• ?0 - ?0 4
• Guests from all the even rooms leave, or, guest
  from every tenth room leaves.
• ?0 - ?0 ?0

30
??Cantorian ?????Hilberts Hotel
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
http//www.buzzle.com/editorials/9-9-2002-26002.as
p
31
??Cantorian ?????Hilberts Hotel
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
http//www.buzzle.com/editorials/9-9-2002-26002.as
p
32
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?0
Numerator
1 2 3 4
1 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1
2 1/2 2/2 1/4 1/5
3 1/3 2/3 3/3 4/3
4 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4

• A number is rational number if it can be
  expressed as the ratio of two integers. The set
  of rational numbers, R, has cardinality ?0.

?
?
?
?
Denominator
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
33
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?1

• The set of all subsets of a set with ?0 elements
  is of cardinality ?1. This is a bigger
  infinity.

Example the set of irrational numbers between 0
and 1 (points on a line) is of cardinality ?1.
34
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?1

• Proof by counterexample Suppose a mapping
  exists

1 0.7568373947578338747575839
2 0.9585757348938384758439399
3 0.1938484857657829202938482
4 0.5000000000000000000000000
5 0.6549383493904949848484943
Choose any other digit other than the one circled
say the number after. The number 0.86314 is
not in the table. Contradiction!
35
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?1

• The number of points on a line, ?1, is the same
  as the number of points in a square - or in a
  cube. Consider a unit interval and a unit square.

(1,1)
For every point, P, in the square, there is a
unique corresponding point on the line segment,
and visa versa.
P
y
P
(0,0)
z
1
0
x
The point on the line is z0.132456754. Taking
every other digit, corresponds to x0.12574 and
y0.346754
36
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?2

• ?n1, is the set of all subsets of ?n .
• Q What is an example of ?2?
• A All the squiggles that can be drawn on a plane.

37
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?2

• ?n1 is the set of all subsets of ?n .
• Q What is an example of ?3?
• A Like a fifth spatial dimension, this is beyond
  comprehension.

38
??Cantorian ?????Cantorian Infinities
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
?2

• ?n1 is the set of all subsets of ?n .
• There is no biggest infinity.
• ?? lt ?? lt ??

0 1 ?0
39

• Q Can we use Cantors Theory as evidence that
  the universe must have a beginning?
• A Yes, in the sense that otherwise, absurd
  things happen.

40
??Cantorian ?????William Lane Craig
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• since the actual infinite cannot exist and
  infinite temporal regress of events is an actual
  infinite, we can be sure that an infinite
  temporal regress of events cannot exist, that is
  to say, the temporal regress of events is finite.
  Therefore, since the temporal regress of events
  is finite, the universe began to exist.

41
??Cantorian ?????William Lane Craig
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• Some absurdities of an infinite past
• To try to instantiate an actual infinite
  progressively in the real world would be
  hopeless, for one could always add one more
  element. (?0 versus ?.)

42
??Cantorian ?????William Lane Craig
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• Some absurdities of an infinite past
• Tristram Shandy Paradox (Russell) If
  Tristram Shandy wrote his autobiography 365 times
  as slow as he lived life, he could live ?0 days
  and be finished with his autobiography now.

43
??Cantorian ?????Tristram Shandy Paradox
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• Writing from t 0 onward

44
??Cantorian ?????Tristram Shandy Paradox
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• Writing from the past to end at t 0

This is Absurd!!
45
??Cantorian ?????William Lane Craig
Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory

• an infinite temporal regress is absurd.
• Thus Time and the universe are finite. The
  universe must have been created ex nihilo.

46
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe??????

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

47
Why are constants what they are?
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????????????
48
John WheelerPrinceton University professor of
physics
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• "Slight variations in physical laws such as
  gravity or electromagnetism would make life
  impossible . . .
• the necessity to produce
• life lies at the center of
• the universe's whole
• machinery and design,"

(Reader's Digest, Sept., 1986).
49
J.L. Mackie, ???? Atheist (Miracle of Theism,
p.141)
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• There is only one actual universe, with a
  unique set of basic materials and physical
  constants, and it is therefore surprising that
  the elements of this unique set-up are just right
  for life when they might easily have been wrong.
  This is not made less surprising by the fact that
  if it had not been so, no one would have been
  here to be surprised. We can properly envision
  and consider alternative possibilities which do
  not include our being there to experience them.

50
Sir Fred Hoyle,????? Agnostic (The
Intelligent Universe)
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• "Such properties seem to run through the fabric
  of the natural world like a thread of happy
  coincidences. But there are so many odd
  coincidences essential to life that some
  explanation seems required to account for them."

Fred Holye (1915-2001) coined the term big
bang- mocking the theory. He promoted, instead,
the steady state theory.
51
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• Astronomy leads us to a unique event, a
  universe which was created out of nothing, and
  delicately balanced to provide exactly the
  conditions required to support life. In the
  absence of an absurdly-improbably accident, the
  observations of modern science seem to suggest an
  underlying, one might say supernatural, plan.
• Arno Penzias, Nobel laureate in Physics

52
Example Why Three Spatial Dimensions???????????
??
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• Schrodingers equation only gives stable, bound
  energy levels for 3-D or less universe.
• Maxwells equations are only valid for a 3-D
  universe.
• High fidelity transmission of light and sound is
  optimized in a 3-D universe.

53
Another Example??????
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• If the attraction of gravity went down faster
  with distance, the orbits of the planets would
  spiral into the sun, If it went down slower, the
  gravitation forces from distant stars would
  dominate over that from earth. Stephen Hawking

54
Hawking
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• ... why should we live in a four dimensional
  world, and not eleven, or some other number of
  dimensions... In two spatial dimensions, are
  not enough for complicated structures, like
  intelligent beings. On the other hand, four or
  more spatial dimensions would mean that
  gravitational and electric forces would fall off
  faster than the inverse square law. In this
  situation, planets would not have stable orbits
  around their star, nor electrons have stable
  orbits around the nucleus of an atom. Thus
  intelligent life, at least as we know it, could
  exist only in four dimensions.

55
Hawkings Flat Dog
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• 3-D is fit for human animal life
• A 2-D dog would drift apart in 2 Dimensions

56
The Anthropic Principal Week Strong
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????
The Anthropic Principal Weak Strong
Stephen Hawking

• What is the Anthropic Principle?
• Many physicists dislike the Anthropic Principle.
  They feel it is messy and vague, it can be used
  to explain almost anything, and it has little
  predictive power. I sympathize with these
  feelings, but the Anthropic Principle seems
  essential in quantum cosmology.

http//www.hawking.org.uk
57
Stephen Hawking
Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
??????

• Why is the universe so close to the dividing
  line between collapsing again and expanding
  indefinitely?...If the rate of expansion one
  second after the big bang had been less by one
  part in 1010 , the universe would have collapsed
  in a few million years. If it had been greater by
  one part in 1010 , the universe would have been
  essentially empty.One has either appeal to the
  anthropic principle or find some physical
  explanation for why the universe is the way it
  is.

58
Biology Evidence of Design???????

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

59
Evidence of Design Irreducible
Complexity?????????????

• Darwins Black Box by Michael Behe
• Premise Irreducibly complex machinery cannot
  evolve.

60
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality????? ??

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

61
The Hottentots (Gamow)
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• One
• Two
• Three
• Many

62
Dimensions??
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• One Dimension A Line

• Two Dimensions A Plane

63
Dimensions??
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Three
• Dimensions
• Space

• Four (Spatial) Dimensions ???????
• It is impossible to envision a four dimensional
  space Stephen Hawking

• Time as a dimension

64
Time As A Dimension???????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Need 4 numbers to specify a point (ball) in time
  and space

time
65
How Long is a Second???????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• 186,000 miles/sec ? 1 sec 186,000 miles

66
Building Dimensions????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• A POINT (Zero Dimensions) has no width, height or
  length. Here is a representation

• A LINE (1-D) is a sequence of points

• A LINE (1-D) has length, but no width or height.
  It is infinitely thin!

67
Building Dimensions????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• A PLANE (2 Dimensions) is a sequence of lines

• An infinite number of lines is needed to make a
  plane. The plane has NO thickness,

68
Building Dimensions????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• SPACE (3 Dimensions) is a sequence of planes

• An infinite number of planes is needed to make
  space.

69
Building Dimensions????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• FOUR Spatial dimensions is a sequence of spaces

• PARALLEL UNIVERSES .
• What of five, six, seven or an infinite number of
  dimensions?
• Reality or Theory?

70
Building Dimensions Time as a
Dimension???????????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• SPACE TIME (4 Dimensions) is a sequence of
  spaces

time

• TIME is different. It only can be traversed in
  one direction.

71
?? (Flatland) -- Edwin A. Abbott
(1884)???????????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Two Dimensional Creatures the Theory of UP

72
?? -- by Edwin A. Abbott
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Strange Visitation

73
Properties of High Dimensions?????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Lefties in Flatland
• Once a lefty always a lefty.

74
Properties of High Dimensions?????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Once a lefty always a lefty?
• Not if you can flip in three dimensions.

75
Application to Baseball???????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Flip into the fourth dimension back

76
Breaking Chains??
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Chains in Flatland
• Links can be separated in three dimensions.

77
??
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Breaking Chains Chains linked in three
  dimensions can be separated in four.

Passage ? ? ? ? 126-7    6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?     7 ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
, ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? , ? ?
? ? ? ! ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Acts 126 The night before Herod was to bring him
to trial, Peter was sleeping between two
soldiers, bound with two chains, and sentries
stood guard at the entrance. 7 Suddenly an angel
of the Lord appeared and a light shone in the
cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him
up. "Quick, get up!" he said, and the chains fell
off Peter's wrists.
Could this be right?
YES
Maybe
IS it right?
78
Walking Through Walls????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Locked in a box in Flatland

79
3-D walls are no obstacle in four spatial
dimensions??????,??????????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• John 2026 A week later his disciples were in the
  house again, and Thomas was with them. Though the
  doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among
  them and said, "Peace be with you!"

Passage ? ? ? ? 2026    26 ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ?
? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ? !
Could this be right?
YES
Maybe
IS it right?
80
Consequences??
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• A higher dimensional entity
• Can be infinitely close without physical
  appearance
• Is able to intersect our universe at will
• Is able to see inside you
• Explanation of certain miracles
• Walking through walls
• Chains dropping

81
Dimensions In Math??????
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Multidimensional spaces are common mathematical
  models.
• Some mathematical spaces contain an infinite
  number of dimensions (e.g. certain Hilbert
  Spaces.)
• These spaces are not physical spaces.

82
Are Extra Dimensions Real? Strings Dimensions
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• Atoms, Protons, Quarks Strings
• Strings work only if space-time has either ten
  or twenty-six dimensions
• Stephen Hawking
• Q Where are the other dimensions?
• A Compactified. They were never birthed in the
  big bang. Only three spatial dimensions and time
  were.

83
Hawkings Flat Dog
Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
????? ??

• 3-D is fit for human animal life
• A 2-D dog would drift apart in Flatland

84
Engineering Conservation of Information and
Complexity?? ????????

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

85
Engineering Conservation of Information and
Complexity?? ????????

• See my presentation...
• Does Evolution Require External Information? 
  Some Lessons from Computational Intelligence

86
Summary??

1. Cosmology The Big Bang
2. Mathematics Cantorian Transfinite Number Theory
3. Physics Fine Tuning of the Universe
4. Biology Evidence of Design
5. Mathematics Physics Dimensionality
6. Engineering Conservation of Information and
   Complexity

87
Finis
Finis
Finis
Finis
Finis
Finis
88
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