Teleost Fish: Bonytongues Through Anglerfish

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Teleost Fish Bonytongues Through Anglerfish
Ch. 14
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Subdividision Euteleostei

• Superorder Ostariophysi
• Superorder Protacanthopterygii
• Superorder Stenopterygii
• Superorder Cyclosquamata
• Superorder Scopelomorpha
• Superorder Lampridomorpha
• Superorder Polymixiiformes
• Superorder Paracanthopterygii
• Superorder Acanthopterygii

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Primitive vs. Advanced Traits
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Primitive vs. Advanced (continued)
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Subdividision Euteleostei

• Superorder Ostariophysi
• Superorder Protacanthopterygii
• Superorder Stenopterygii
• Superorder Cyclosquamata
• Superorder Scopelomorpha
• Superorder Lampridomorpha
• Superorder Polymixiiformes
• Superorder Paracanthopterygii
• Superorder Acanthopterygii

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Subdividision Euteleostei

• Superorder Ostariophysi -- Suckers Minnows,
  Characins, and Catfishes
• Superorder Protacanthopterygii -- Pikes, Smelts
  and Salmonids
• Superorder Paracanthopterygii -- Cods and
  Anglerfishes
• Superorder Acanthopterygii -- Advanced Fishes

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Superorder Protocanthopterygii

• Contains three orders
• Esociformes
• Osmeriformes
• Salmoniformes

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Order Esociformes

• Three families
• Esocidae
• Umbridae
• Daliidae

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Family Esocidae

• Pikes, pickerels, and muskellunge
• Predatory sagittiform bodies
• Large mouth sharp teeth
• Found in N. America and
• Eurasia
• Important recreational spp.
• Largest muskellunge (musky)
• North-Central US
• Central Canada

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Family Umbridae

• mudminnows
• small
• Slow-moving
• Burrow in mud when disturbed

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Family Dalliidae

• blackfishes
• Australia and Siberia
• Able to survive frozen in the ice
• Remain inactive until the thaw

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Order Osmeriformes

• Two suborders
• Argentoidea (argentines deep-sea smelts)
• Osmeroidei (smelts, galaxiids)

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Suborder Argentoidei

• Argentines
• deep-sea smelts
• very numerous
• harvested commercially in mid-water trawls

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Suborder Osmeroidei

• Smelts and galaxiids
• Smelts
• Small, silvery fish (lt 30 cm)
• Popular food fish
• Freshwater, anadromous, marine
• Australian salamanderfish (galaxiid)
• Turn head sharply left or right while perched on
  its pectoral fin
• Lacks lung able to aestivate

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Smelts
Salamanderfish
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Order Salmoniformes

• Family Salmonidae
• Contains three subfamilies
• Salmoninae - trouts, salmon, chars
• Coregoninae - whitefishes
• Thymalinae graylings
• North America and Eurasia
• High latitude species
• Require high DO and cooler water for survival and
  reproduction

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Subfamily Salmoninae

• Trouts, salmons and chars
• Many species have landlocked and anadromous forms
• Onchorhynchus mykiss rainbow trout
  (landlocked) steelhead (anadromous)
• O. nerka sockeye (anadromous) kokanee
  (landlocked)

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Subfamily Salmoninae

• Anadromous species
• Eggs laid in freshwater
• Fry hatch and develop into parrs (large spots on
  side of body)
• Transform into smolts (migrates to the sea)
• Grow to large size in sea
• Return to FW to spawn and typically die after
  spawning
• Transfer of nutrients upstream from seas to FW
  streams important ecologically
• Dead salmon decay, biomass is utilized by
  scavengers that may ultimately be preyed upon by
  young salmon

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Subfamily Salmoninae

• Three important genera in North America
• Onchorhynchus Pacific salmon
• California through Canada to Alaska and
  throughout Siberia
• Includes rainbow trout and cutthroat trout
• Salmo Atlantic salmon
• Massachusetts to Canada Iceland and Europe
• Nearly extinct due to dams
• Landlocked and anadromous forms
• Includes brown trout introduced to US
  tolerates warm water and lower DO
• Salvelinus North American Chars
• Lake trout and Brook trout

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Subfamily Coreginae

• Whitefishes
• Formerly an important species
• Numbers have greatly declined relative to
  introduced species

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Subfamily Thymalinae

• Graylings
• Small trout-like fishes
• Grey irridescent bodies
• Long dorsal fins

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Marine Habitat

• Classified into distinct areas
• Pelagic- area away from the shoreline
• Pelagic divided into distinct regions
• Surface to 200 meters epipelagic
• light penetration occurs
• 200 meters to 1000 meters mesopelagic
• Faint amount of light
• Animals migrate up at night down during day
• 1000 meters to 4000 meters bathypelagic
• Practically no light

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Stomiiformes

• Marine hatchetfishes
• Extremely flattened laterally
• Photophores on ventral side
• Photophores light producing organs
• Provides countershading less visible to
  predators

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Myctophiformes

• Lantern fishes
• Small black fishes
• Photophores along entire body
• Present in great numbers
• Important food for many species

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Lampridiformes

• Bizarre species
• Opah
• Found close to the surface taken by the same
  pelagic longlines used to catch tunas and marlins
  and meat is sold

oarfish
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Superorder Paracanthopterygii

• Contains a number of orders that are grouped
  together because of similar morphology
• Order Percopsiformes
• Order Ophidiiformes
• Order Gadiformes
• Order Batrachoidiformes
• Order Lophiiformes

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Order Percopsiformes

• Trout perch, pirate perch, and cavefishes
• Possess a true spine
• Possess an adipose fin
• Pirate perch
• Pelvic fins located below pectorals
• Anus located in the throat
• Cavefishes
• Adapted to caves
• Eyes reduced
• Lost their pigment
• Elongated bodies
• Lateral line system very well-developed

Trout perch
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Anal opening
Pirate Perch (Aphredoderus sayanus)
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Order Ophidiiformes

• Cusk eels
• Taeniform body shape
• Found all over world
• Mostly marine
• Some brightly colored
• Pearl fishes
• Very thin fishes
• Sharp pointed tails
• Live inside invertebrates
• In cloaca of sea cucumbers
• Tickles it to get back in

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Order Gadiformes

• Cods and cod-like fishes
• Large and economically important group
• Possess isocercal tails
• haddock, walleye, pollock and hake
• Cod
• Collected in great numbers off the European coast
• Contains little fatcan be dried
• Used by ocean-going travelers as a food source

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Order Batrachoidiformes

• Toadfishes
• Bottom dwellers
• Lack pleural ribs
• Large mouths
• Able to produce sound
• Muscular vibrations of swim bladder
• midshipmen
• Photophores
• Arranged on their belly like the buttons of a
  midshipmens uniform

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Order Lophiiformes

• Anglerfishes
• Possess modified dorsal fins rod and lures
• Batfishes- odd shaped
• monkfish
• Bottom dweller
• Taken in trawls
• Once considered trash fish poor mans lobster

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