Chemolithotrophic proteobacteria S and Iron oxidizing

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Chemolithotrophic proteobacteria S and Iron
oxidizing

• (SCIENCE 284 16 April 1999)
  Thiomargarita namibiensis
• Beggiatoa (Winogradsky column)
• Thiothrix/Thioplaca
• Thiobacillus
• endosymbionts of deep-sea vent invertebrates

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Quiz

• 1. Why is 16S rRNA such a good molecule for
  making phylogenetic trees (give 2 good
  reasons). (3)
• 2. What is the evolutionary distance between
  these two sequences. You may define it as a
  . GGCCCTATATAC
• GCGCCTTTATAC (2)
• 3. Chloroplasts were originally _______, and are
  proof for theory of ________ (2)
• 4. Name three different ways to define a
  bacterial species (3)

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Nitrifiers

• Nitrosonomas and Nitrobacter
• Winogradsky

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Hydrogen oxidizers

• Alcaligenes Knallgas reaction
• 2 H2 O2 ---- 2 H2O

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Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs

• Not all methylotrophs are methanotrophs
• Use methanol, methylamine, formate and (methane)
• Type 1 (ribulose monophosphate pathway) and II
  (serine pathway), membranes differ too
• Type 1 membranes are throughout cell
• Type II on periphery of cell
• Endosymbionts in deep-sea vent mussels

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Photosynthetic proteobacteria

• Purple phototrophic proteobacteria
  (bacteriochlorophylls and photophosphorylation)
• Purple sulfur, eg. Chromatium
• Below is Chromatium tempedium from Yellowstone,
  that grows above 50C. Notice the phase-bright
  sulfur granules

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• Purple non-sulfur (photoheterotrophs)
• (other groups in the Bacteria that
  photosynthesize?, green sulfur, green
  filamentous, cyanobacteria)

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Spirilla

• Spirillum _some magnetotactic e.g.
  Magnetospirillum p 487
• Bdellovibrio, attack gram bacteria, see
  developmental cycle

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Sulfate/sulfur reducers

• Desulfurovibrio, Desulfuromonoas, anoxic
  habitats, compete with methanogens
• use, H2, lactate as e'donors and sulfate or
  sulfur as e'acceptor. What is the product?

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Budding and stalked

• Hyphomicrobium (methylotroph), budding
• Caulobacter, stalked, see cycle

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Sheathed Proteobacteria

• e.g Leptothrix
• Mn 2 0.5 O2 H2O --- Mn O2 2H delta G 68kJ

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Fermentative rods and vibrios 1.Enterics
(gamma)

• Gram -, nonsporulating, facultative aerobes,
  fermentative, opportunistic pathogens
• 2 types mixed acid fermenters (produce
  acid) E. coli
• OR 2,3-butanediol fermenters (produce neutral
  products) Enterobacter aerogenes/Erwinia
• Escherichia
• Salmonella typhi- typhoid fever
• Serratia marcescens (Bright red
  pigment- prodigiosin)
• Xenorhabdus (bioluminescence)
• Klebsiella pneumoniae (not normally
  pathogenic)

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Vibrio, Photobacterium

• V. cholerae
• Photobacterium
• O2 required for luciferase activity
• Quorum sensing
• FMNH2 O2 RCHO ---- FMN RCOOH H2O hv
• Need flavin mononucleotide, aliphatic aldehyde,
  O2, and enzyme. E- donor is NADH

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Oxidative rods and cocci

• Pseudomonads (human pathogens, biodegraders,
  plant pathogens)
• Azotobacter and free-living N-fixers
• Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium symbiotic
  N-fixers
• Agrobacterium, crown gall
• Acetobacter and Gluconobacter
• Legionella,
• Neisseria
• Rickettsia obligate parasite, Rocky mountain
  spotted fever