Water Quality fphysical, chemical, biological

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Water Quality f(physical, chemical, biological)

• Flows
• High, Low, Variability/Flashiness
• Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA)
• Substrate
• Riffles, pools
• Overall stream complexity
• Bed and bank composition (sand, gravel, cobble)

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Water Quality f(physical, chemical, biological)

• Flows
• High, Low, Variability/Flashiness
• Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA)
• Substrate
• Riffles, pools
• Overall stream complexity
• Bed and bank composition (sand, gravel, cobble)

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Water Quality f(physical, chemical, biological)

• Temperature
• Dissolved Oxygen
• pH
• Specific Conductance
• Dissolved Solids
• Nutrients
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
• Carbon
• Chlorophyll a

• Turbidity
• Suspended Solids
• Metals
• Pb, Hg, Se, Fe, Mn
• Organics Compounds
• Gas Oil (BTEX)
• PCBs, TCE, PCE
• Pharmaceuticals
• Radiologicals
• Tritium, Uranium
• Strontium, Thorium

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• Temperature
• Solar inputs (shade), water discharges (power
  plants)
• Cold Water Fisheries (T lt 20ºC, 68ºF)
• Warm Water Fisheries (T lt 32ºC, 90ºF)
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Decreases at higher temperatures (solubility,
  respiration)
• Hyperoxic, DO gt 12 mg/L
• Oxic, 4 - 12 mg/L
• Hypoxic, 0.5 - 4 mg/L
• Anoxic, DO lt 0.5 mg/L
• pH
• Alkaline gt 9.5 (global extreme of 12.3, chromium
  mines)
• Acid lt 6 (global extreme of -3.6, acid mine
  drainage)
• Specific Conductance
• Measure of dissolved solids (1000 on coast, 5 in
  mountains)
• Around Athens, normally lt 60 uS/cm
• Sewage gt 400 mg/L

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Water Quality f(physical, chemical, biological)

• Toxicity
• Invasive Species
• Pathogens

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Toxicity

• Acute vs. Chronic
• Acute is a single dose that can kill (LD50)
• Chronic is a long term exposure that kills
• Mortality vs. Morbidity
• Mortality is death
• Morbidity is disability
• Bioindicators
• Fish
• Benthic Macroinvertebrates

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Pathogens

• Fecal indicators (Fecal coliform, E. coli)
• Bacteria (cholera, typhoid)
• Fungi (ringworm)
• Viruses (polio, hepatitis)
• Amoeba (Naegleria fowleri, dysentery)
• Protozoa (malaria, giardia)
• Parasites (hookworm, tapeworm)

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