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CIPARS On Farm Surveillance

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Title: CIPARS On Farm Surveillance


1
CIPARS On Farm Surveillance
ADED ROUNDS May 22, 2007 Dave Léger, Sheryl
Gow Anne Deckert, Brent Avery Laboratory for
Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of
Canada,
2
CIPARS Objectives
  • Unified approach to monitor trends in
    antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in
    humans and animals
  • Generate timely reports
  • Generate data to facilitate the assessment of the
    public health impact of antimicrobials used in
    human and agricultural sectors
  • Allow accurate international comparisons with
    other countries that use similar surveillance
    systems (e.g. U.S. (NARMS) Denmark (DANMAP)

3
On Farm AB, SK, MB, ON, QC swine
Abattoir National beef/pork/chicken
Veterinary Antimicrobial Use Distribution data
Retail ATL, ON, QC, SK, BC beef/pork/chicken
CIPARS Annual Report http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ci
pars-picra/index.html
Human Antimicrobial Use IMS Health
Human National salmonellosis
Veterinary Laboratories salmonellosis
4
On-Farm Surveillance Objectives
  • Primary Objectives
  • Establish infrastructure to support a national
    on-farm surveillance program
  • Provide on-farm data on antimicrobial use and
    resistance
  • Secondary Objective
  • Investigate associations between antimicrobial
    use and resistance
  • Long-term Objective
  • Provide sound data for human health risk
    assessments

5
Background
  • 5 yr Agricultural Policy Framework Funding
  • Year 1 (2003-04)
  • Consultations Provinces, pork/beef/poultry
    industry
  • Supported On-Farm AM use resistance research
  • Year 2 (2004-05)
  • Selected swine industry to pilot CIPARS On-Farm
  • Surveillance Framework Design Process initiated
  • Year 3 (2005-06) Year 4 (2006-07)
  • Implement and refine the On-Farm swine program
  • Data analysis and reporting

6
Surveillance Framework Design Process
CIPARS On-Farm Working Group
On-Farm Swine Advisory Committee
Refined On-Farm Surveillance Framework 2007
7
Inclusion / Exclusion criteria
  • Inclusion criteria
  • CQA validated operations
  • Operations marketing gt2000 hogs/year
  • Operations representative of the veterinary
    practice
  • Exclusion criteria
  • Organic herds
  • Edible residual material herds
  • Pasture raised herds

8
General Infrastructure
  • 108 Sentinel Sites across 5 Provinces
  • Swine farms with grower/finisher units
  • Major pork provinces Québec, Ontario, Manitoba,
    Saskatchewan and Alberta
  • 29 Swine Veterinarians
  • Protect biosecurity and confidentiality
  • Collect antimicrobial use data and faecal samples
  • 2 Supervisory Veterinarians
  • Protect confidentiality of corporate farms
  • Operational Support
  • PHAC Guelph Saskatoon

9
Laboratory Infrastructure
  • 4 Laboratories
  • PHAC-LFZ Labs
  • Saint-Hyacinthe QC
  • Guelph ON
  • Salmonella typing (PHAC-LFZ, Guelph)
  • AF Lab, Edmonton AB
  • Prairie Diagnostics Services, Regina SK
  • Primary Isolation Antimicrobial susceptibility
    testing (Sensititre, Trek Diagnostic Systems,
    Cleveland, OH, USA)

10
Laboratory
  • Organisms of interest
  • Salmonella
  • 1 isolate/sample
  • Typing performed
  • E. coli
  • 5 isolates/sample (2006)
  • Generic E. coli
  • Enterococcus
  • 3 isolates/sample
  • speciation

11
Compensation
  • Veterinarians
  • Data and sample collection 200/visit
  • Travel 45/visit
  • To be incorporated with regular herd health
    visits
  • Producers
  • Data preparation 200/visit
  • 40 of total operating dollars goes to
    compensation

12
Veterinary Model
  • Why did we go with veterinarian?
  • Biosecurity
  • Knowledge of farm practices
  • Producer confidentiality
  • Producer trust/confidence
  • Sustainability of this model
  • Uncertain
  • Alternatives to the veterinarian

13
Distribution of Sentinel Herds Vets
  • Allocation of herds per province is proportional
    to the number of Grower/Finisher Units in each
    province
  • 10 additional herds in AB SK Provincial APF
    funding

Nationally 108 Herds 29 Vets
26 8
15 5
12 3
27 7
28 6
5 1
  • AF Lab
  • PDS Lab
  • PHAC-LFZ Lab
  • PHAC-LFZ Lab

14
Data Information Generated
  • Sentinel herd data
  • Demographic
  • Operation characteristics
  • Pig Inventory
  • Disease
  • Antimicrobial Use
  • Qualitative active ingredient, route
  • Quantitative active ingredient, route, amount
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • E.coli, Enterococcus and Salmonella
  • NARMS Panels - 15 antimicrobials

15
Schematic Sampling Data Collection
16
Sample Submissions by Sample Type
17
Samples Isolates - 2006
Sampling Actual/Planned ()
Number of herd visits completed / Planned 287/324 (89)
Annual Questionnaires returned 65/108 (60)
Sampling Day Questionnaires returned 89/432 (21)
Cohort Arrival Samples 93/126 (74)
Cohort Close-To-Market (CTM) Samples 92/126 (74)
Regular Close-To-Market Samples 257/306 (84)
Total Samples Received ( Planned) 442/558 (79)

Positive Samples
E.coli recovery 442/442 (100)
Salmonella recovery 92/442 ( 21)
Enterococcus recovery 363/442 ( 82)
18
Samples Isolates
  • 2006 isolate yield
  • generic E. coli isolates (5/sample) 2,095
  • Salmonella isolates (1/sample) 85
  • Enterococcus isolates (3/sample) 1,043
  • 2007 Projected isolate yield
  • 732 samples
  • generic E. coli isolates (3/sample) 2,196
  • Salmonella isolates (1/sample) 293
  • Enterococcus isolates (3/sample) 1,757

19
Refinements for 2007
  • Modified data collection instruments
  • Simplified Questionnaires
  • Minimal use of CQA records
  • Sampling Day specific checklists
  • Tracking system
  • Data management tools developed DEXA DB SA
  • Modifications to sampling
  • Reduced number of cohort herds to 25 (PQ 100
    Cohort herds Provincially funded)
  • Reduced number of E. coli isolates per sample to
    3 isolates

20
Schematic Reporting Analysis
2007 Questionnaire Data Entry - Ongoing
21
Active Surveillance on Sentinel Farms
Data Analysis Reporting
Risk-Based Policy
SiteInformation
Operation Management Characteristics
Clinical Practice Guidelines On-Farm AMU
Protocols Public health AMR recognized as a
hazard inon-farm food safety HACCP
Antimicrobial Use
  • Qualitative Quantitative
  • Kgs Active Ingred.
  • Animal Daily Dose
  • /Animal-time

Herd Level
PenLevel
Sampling Faecal
Lab Analysis Salmonella E. coli Enterococcus
  • Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns
  • MDR strains
  • Human Imp.

CompositePen Samples
22
Future plans
  • Sustainable funding
  • Expansion into other commodities
  • Current research projects
  • Feedlot beef cattle
  • Dairy cattle

23
Contact Information
  • Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
  • David_Leger_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
  • Tel (519) 826-2275
  • Sheryl_Gow_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
  • Tel (306) 966-2232
  • Brent_Avery_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
  • Tel (519) 826-2354
  • Anne_Deckert_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
  • Tel (519) 826-2160

24
Information on the Web
  • CIPARS 2005 - Preliminary Results-
  • http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/2005_pr_e
    .html
  • CIPARS 2005- Additional data (Recovery rates)
  • http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/2005_pr_e.
    html

25
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