REFERENCE

1
REFERENCE
NAVWEPS OP 2890 TORPEDO MK. 44 MOD 1
CHANGE 3 4 AUG 1966
STARTING 27 MAR 2003(46) CDR. SOMCHAI
PRAKUDOM
2
CHAPTER 1

GENERAL DISCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
-TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1 ANTISUBMARINE WEAPON -IS
AN ELECTRICALLY CONTROL AND PROPELLED -ACTIVE
ACOUSTIC HOMING SYSTEM -SHIP LAUNCHED gtBY TUBE MK
32 OR ASROC. -FIXED WING AIRCRAFT gtPARACHUTE
SUSPENSION -HELICOPTER gtONLY SUSPENSION BAND


3

TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1

INTRODUCTION
1 SPEED
- 30 KNOTS FOR MINIMUM OF 6 MINUTES
2 DEPTH - FROM 50 TO 1000 FEET UP TO 3000 FEET
3 RANGE - MINIMUM OF 6000 YARDS
4 DIMENSIONS - LENGTH 101.3 INCHES
- DIAMETER 12.75 INCHES
- WEIGHS APP 433 POUNDS
5 OPERATION - WAR SHOT WH. MK 101 MOD
0 - EXERCISE
SHOT EH. MK 78 MOD 0
4

VEHICLES

CONTROLBATT.
HEAD
AFTERBODY
NOSE

• MK44 CONSISTS OF FOUR MAJOR SECTION
• NOSE SECTION
• HEAD SECTION ( WARHEAD OR EXERCISE)
• CONTROL AND BATTERY SECTION
• AFTERBODY SECTION

5

VEHICLES
WH MK101
118 V. FIRING
28.5 VDC ARMING
ELEVATOR
TARGET SIG
ECHO
PANELS ASSEMBLY
NOSE TDX
RUDDER
POWER PULSE
PING
F
L
E
D
I
118 V. 2300 HZ
OUT
SCOOP BH
AC.GEN
IN
SW BATT
MOTOR
PROPELL
6

TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1

NOSE SECTION
- FIXED TRANSDUCERgt ELECTRICAL INTO ACOUSTIC
RETURNING ECHOES INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- TRANSDUCER STACKS gt MADE UP OF 36 ELEMENTS
OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE IN THE NOSE - ELECTRICAL
ENERGY TO OPERATE OBTAINED FROM THE
TRANSMITTER PANEL
7

TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1

WARHEAD
- WARHEAD MK 101 MOD 0 DETONATE WHEN HIT
- WARHEAD CONTAINS EXPLODER MK 19 MOD 12
- EXPLOSIVE CHARGES 74.5 POUND OF
HBX-3 - THE EXPLOSIVE DOES NOT DETONATE IF 1
THE DEPTH IS LESS THAN 40 FEET 2 28.5
VDC. FOR EXPLODER APPLIED LESS THAN 6 SEC. 3
MANUAL STERILIZING SWITCH IS CLOSED 4 WARHEAD
PRIME VOLTAGE IS NOT PRESENT
8

TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1

EXERCISE HEAD
EXERCISE HEAD MK 78 MOD 0 MADE UP OF
- SHELL
- HANDHOLE COVERgt RECORDER,DYE POT,EXPLODER -
LEAD-DUMP RELEASE MECHANISMgtLEAD WEIGHT -
MANIFOLDgtCCP,DCP,LDP DIP -
PERFORMANCE RECORDERgtPROGRAMMER(RUNTIME) RATE
GYRO(RATE OF TURN),TWO SERIES 12V.BATT.
PENDULUMS(PITCHROLL),OSCILLOGRAPH(14 DATA)
9

TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1

CONTROL BATT
- PROVIDE POWER FOR PROPULSION MOTOR
- PROVIDE PULSES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY TO TDX.
- INTERPRET PULSES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY FROM TDX.
- CONTROL SEARCH AND ATTACK PATTERN - ISD
FLOOR REMOTE SETTING - INITIATE ATTACK
CUTOFF DURING EXERCISE RUN - VOLTAGE FOR
WARHEAD - MAIN MOTOR DISCON LEAD DUMP SQUIB

10

TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1

CONTROL BATT
CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING MAJOR UNITS
- SCOOP BULKHEAD
- BATT. MK 61 MOD 0 ( 6 MIN.) OR MK 64 MOD 0 ( 3
MIN.) - CONTROL AND BATT. SECTION BULKHEAD -
PANELS ASSEMBLY - SHELL AND FORWARD END
RING
11

VEHICLES

CONTROLBATT.
HEAD
AFTERBODY
NOSE
CONTROLBAT
GRP
RXP
TXP
TMP
CRP
PCP
BATTERY
SCBH
12

CONTROL BATTERY

SCOOP BULKHEAD
CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING MAJOR UNITS
- SEA WATER SCOOP ( INLET OUTLET )
- PRESSURE DEPTH SET SWITCH ( 215FT ISD
650900) - STEPPING SWITCH FOR ISD. FLOOR
50, 150, 250, 450, 650, 900 FT FLOOR 1
STEP BEHIND - HEEL TRIM PANEL ( PORT RUN ROLL
TRIM ) - ELECTRICAL CONNECTION TO
AFTERBODY
13

CONTROL BATTERY

SEA WATER BATTERY
MK 61 MOD 0
- 6 MINUTES BOTH WARSHOT AND EXERCISE
MK 64 MOD 0 - 3 MINUTES WITH EXERCISE ONLY
THE ARMING WIRE AT SCOOP BULKHEAD
IS PULLED AT LAUNCHED ALLOW SEA WATER IN
OUTPUT 130 V. 225 A. NO MAINTENANCE
FOR 5 YEAR
14

CONTROL BATTERY

PANELS ASSEMBLY
GYRO RUNOUT PAN.gt CONTROL SNAKE LIKE SEARCH
RECEIVER PAN.gt GET ECHO PAY SPUD.TO RELAY PA.
TRANSMITTER PAN.gtPAY ELECTRIC ENERGY TO TDX.
TIMING PAN.gtSUPPLY TIMING SIG. TO ALL FUNCTION
CONTROL RELAY PAN.gtCONVERT AZIMUTH PULSES
TO
RUDDER STEERING ORDER PITCH CONTROL
PAN.gtCONVERT ELEVATION PULSES
TO ELEVATOR
ORDER SIGNAL
15

VEHICLES

CONTROLBATT.
HEAD
AFTERBODY
NOSE
CONTROLBAT
GRP
RXP
TXP
TMP
CRP
PCP
BATTERY
SCBH
16

TORPEDO MK 44 MOD 1

AFTERBODY
- TO PROPEL TORPEDO
- TO ALTER COURSE OF TORPEDO
- TO GENERATE POWER REQUIRED - TO SETUP TIME
REFERENCE FOR LENGTH OF SEARCH MAJOR
ASSEMBLY - PROPELLER SHAFT ASSY.
- MOTOR
GEARBOX ASSY.
- STEERING CONTROL ASSY.
- AFTERBODY APPENDAGES ASS.

17

VEHICLES

CONTROLBATT.
HEAD
AFTERBODY
NOSE
AFT
RUDDER ELEVAT
PROPULSION MOTOR
GEAR BOX
STR CON ASS

SHAFT
GEN.
18

AFTERBODY

PROPELLER SHAFT
- TWO CONTRAROTATING PROPELLERS
- DRIVEN BY AN ELECTRIC MOTOR
- TWO CONCENTRIC SHAFTS - ON THE END OF
INNER SHAFT IS A PARAPACK NUT - THIS NUT
HOLDING TORPEDO IN TUBE - OR ATTACHING
A PARACHUTE STABILIZER

19

AFTERBODY

MOTOR GEARBOX
CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING
- PROPULSION MOTOR gt130VDC. 225A. 7100 RPM 30HP.
- GEARBOXgtCONTRAROTATE INPUT 7100 TO 2350 RPM
- AC GENERATOR gt SUPPLY 118V 2300HZ ACOUSTIC
CIR. - RPM COUNTER gtDC PULSE RECORD SPEED OF
EX-RUN

20

AFTERBODY

STEERING CONTROL
CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING
- AZIMUTH MOTOR ELEVATION MOTOR
- TWO FOLLOW-UP POTENTIOMETERS - FILTER
CIRCUITS - RUDDER AND ELEVATOR LIMIT SWITCHES
- GEARING AND MECHANICAL LINKAGES
POSITION RUDDER ELEVATOR RESPONSE TO
ORDER VOLTAGE FROM THE CONTROL PANEL

21

VEHICLES

CONTROLBATT.
HEAD
AFTERBODY
NOSE
AFT
RUDDER ELEVAT
PROPULSION MOTOR
GEAR BOX
STR CON ASS

SHAFT
GEN.
22

AFTERBODY

AFTERBODY APPENDAGE
CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING
- VERTICAL HORIZONTAL FIN
- SHROUND RING - RUDDER RUDDER YOKE -
ELEVATOR ELEVATOR YOKE FIN
SHROUND RING STABILIZE THE TORPEDO RUDDER
ELEVATOR CONTROL THE COURSE

23
OPERATION

HOMING PRINCIPLE
MK44 USES ECHO RANGING TO LOCATE OBTAIN
INFORMATION ABOUT TARGET. ET. ENERGY BY TX.
CONVERTED INTO ACT. ENERGY BY TDX. EMITTED IN
A SEARCHLIGHT- LIKE BEAM THE ECHO RETRURN TO
TDX. RECONVERTED INTO ET. ENERGY AMPLIFY BY RX.
USED TO DETERMINE THE TARGET POSITION

24
OPERATION

RANGE
THE RANGE TO THE TARGET IS DETERMINED BY TIME
SOUND WAVES TRAVEL AT SPEED OF 5000 FEET / SEC
THUS THE RANGE TO TARGET IN SEC 2500 FEET
THE PRT. OF TX 1.25 SEC MAX. RANGE IS 3125
FEET OR APPROXIMATELY 3000 FEET TVG. CAUSE THE
RX. TO BECOME MORE SENSITIVE AS THE ECHO BECOME
SMALLER AT LONG RANGE

25
OPERATION

ELAVATION AZIMUTH
THE TDX. IS DIVIDED INTO TWO SECTION UPPER
SECTION PORT FACING LOWER SECTION STARBOARD
FACING THE PHASE DIFFERENT DETERMINE THE
DIRECTION IN WHICH THE PITCH MUST BE CHANGE TO
TARGET THE UPPER OR LOWER HIT MOST DIRECTLY BY
THE ECHO THIS CAUSES THE TORPEDO AZIMUTH TURN

26

VEHICLES

CONTROLBATT.
HEAD
AFTERBODY
NOSE
LOWER SECTION STARBOARD FACING
AZIMUTH RIGHT HEADING
TARGET ECHO
27
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE
WHEN TOR IS LAUNCHED ARMING WIRE IS PULLED
2 TO 6 SEC. SWB DELIVER SUFFICIENT POWER TO
PROPULSION MOTOR AND CONTROL CIRCUIT TO CAUSE
THE TORPEDO TO START -PRE - ENABLE GYRO RUNOUT
STARBOARD TURN -PRE - ENABLE HELICAL PORT TURN (
AIR LAUNCH )

28
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - PRIOR TO ENABLE
DURING THIS TIME THE TORPEDO DIVES TO SELECTED
ISD. BETWEEN THE WATER ENTRY POINT TO ENABLE
SURFACE
CRAFT SHIP LAUNCHED DIVE AT 30 TURN TO
STARBOARD WHEN REACH 45 STARBOARD FROM LAUNCH
HEADING TURN PORT 45 BACK TO STARBOARD
SNAKE-LIKE DOWN TO ISD. ABOUT 3000 FEET FROM
SURFACE CRAFT

29
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - PRIOR TO ENABLE
SURFACE LAUNCHED THE GYRO RUNOUT ISUSED ISD.
CAN BE SET AT 50, 150, 250, 450, 650, OR 900
FEET THROUGH ISD. CALL FOR 10.5 UP 4.5
DOWN PITCH TOR CONTINUE TO CLIMB UP
DOWN 4.5 WHILE TURNING PORT
STARBOARD UNTIL IT ENABLES THE TIME LAPSE
BETWEEN WATER ENTRY AND ENABLE IS FROM 16 TO
26 SEC

30
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - PRIOR TO ENABLE
SURFACE AIRCRAFT
ISD. CAN BE SET AT 50, 150, 250, 450, 650, OR
900 FEET IF FLOOR DEPTH IS SET AT 150 FEET
SHALLOW DIVE FEATURE IS USED INSTEAD OF
DIVING AT 30 THE TORPEDO DIVES AT
ONLY 11 DEGREES AS SOON AS ISD. IS REACHED.
THE SHALLOW DIVE IS DISCONNECTED FROM THE
CONTROL SYSTEM

31
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - AFTER ENABLE
AFTER ENABLE IT SENDS OUT ACOUSTIC PULSES OF
ONE EVERY 1.25 SEC (
PRR) THE TORPEDO CONTINUES GYRO RUNOUT SNAKE
SEARCH OUT TO 3000 FEET FOLLOW BY HELICAL
PORT TURN SEARCH PATTERN UNTIL A
TARGET IS DETECTED OR END OF THE RUN IF TARGET
IS DETECT DURING GYRO RUNOUT IT USES NORMAL
ATTACK PATTERN, IF AIR LAUNCH HELICAL PORT TURN
IS USED AT CONSTANT DEPTH FOR 26 SEC

32
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - AFTER ENABLE
AFTER GYRO RUNOUT OR INITIAL FLAT SEARCH
THE SEARCH PATTERN OF
FURFACE AIR LAUNCH IS AN UP OR DOWN PORT HELIX.
IT DIVES AT 4.5 PORT THE LIMIT OF SEARCH
DETERMINED BY FLOOR DEPTH SETTING
AT150, 250, 450, 650, OR 900 FEET IF 650 OR 900
SETTING IT SEARCH 4.5 UP DOWN ABOVE 215
FEET AND IT SEARCH 6 UP 7 DOWN
BELOW 215 FEET OTHER IT SEARCH 4.5
UP DOWN

33
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - AFTER ENABLE
TYPE OF ATTACK
ATTACK IS GOVERNED
BY ITS DISTANCE TO TARGET BETWEEN 3000 1250
FEET LONG RANGE ZONE WITHIN 1250
FEET DOUBLE PULSE ZONE
WITHIN 490 FEET
RANGE BLANK ZONE WITHIN 70 FEET
TRANSMITTER BLANK ZONE

34
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - AFTER ENABLE
LONG RANGE ATTACK
EMIT ONE PULSE
EVERY 1.25 SEC PRR EACH ECHO TRIP CAUSE STEERING
SIGNAL IN AZIMUTH RUDDER 11 DEG DEFLECT FOR A
SHOT TIME IN DIRECTION OF TARGET
THEN RETURN TO ZERO UNTIL AN ADDITIONAL ECHO IS
RECEIVED INDICATING THAT ADDITIONAL TURN IS
NECESSARY THIS IS A RUDDER- PULSE STEERING

35
OPERATION

LONG RANGE ATTACK (3000 TO 1250 F)
EACH ECHO IN
ELEVATION TRIP CHANGE TORPEDO PITCH 1.5 OR 2.5
DEG IN DIRECTION OF TARGET 8 PITCH STEP FROM
0 TO 12 DEG UP 1.5 DEG. EACH 9
PITCH STEP FROM 0 TO 19.5 DOWN 1.5 FIRST 3
STEP REMAINING 6 STEP ARE 2.5 DEG DOWN
INCREMENT LOSS TRIPgt TRAVEL IN SAME PITCH FOR A
FEW SEC TURN RIGHT ( HOLDOVER) IF NO ECHO
RESUMES PORT HELICAL IN SAME ELEVATION AS BEFORE


36
OPERATION

OPERATION SEQUENCE - AFTER ENABLE
DOUBLE PULSE ATTACK (1250 TO 490
F) IT EMIT TWICE
PULSE RATE 0.625 SEC PRR THAT ALLOW TOR TO
RECEIVE DATA TWICE AS FAST AS IT DOES DURING
DOUBLE PULSE ATTACK RECEIVER IS BLANKED
AGAINST ALL ECHO FARTHER THAN 1400 FEET
DOUBLE PULSE BLANKING CONTINUE FOR 7 PING AFTER
LOSS OF TARGET ECHO FOLLOW LONG RANGE LOSS
RUDDER ELEVATOR ACT THE SAME AS LONG RANGE

37
OPERATION

RANGE BLANK ATTACK (490 TO 70
F) IT CONTINUE
EMIT TWICE PULSE RATE 0.625 SEC PRR WHEN GET 1
2 ECHO IT ORDER 11 DEG. RUDDER POSIT. AFTER 3
4 ORDER 112 DEG. ALSO THE SUBSEQUENT UNTIL
A MAXIMUM OF 21 DEG. A REVERSE ORDER TRIP
CAUSE IT TO TURN IN NEW DIRECTION ATTACK
TARGET ELEVATOR ACTION IS THE SAME AS LONG
RANGE IF LOSS IT STAY SAME PITCH FOR 7 PING
TURN RIGHT RESUME PORT HELICAL SAME ELEVATION
AS BEFORE

38
OPERATION

TRANSMITTER BLANK ATTACK (70 TO 0 F)
THE RECEIVER IS
BLANKED OUT AS LOSING TARGET IT CONTINUE IN
SAME DIRECTION AND SAME PITCH IT SHOULD MAKE
CONTACT WITH TARGET DURING THIS STRAIGHT
RUN, IF IT DOES NOT HIT TARGET IT
CONTINUES THE SAME SEARCH PATTERN AS IT DOES IF
TARGET IS LOST DURING RANGE BLANK ATTACK

39
OPERATION

PITCH BLANK
IF IT IS DIVING
IN RESPONSE TO OCEAN BOTTOM ECHO AT PITCH
GREATER THAN 11 DEG TO MINIMIZE RECEIVING MORE
BOTTOM ECHO
ATTACK CUTOFF DURING EXERCISE RUN, IT CAN BE
PREVENTED FROM HITTING TARGET BY ATTACK CUTOFF
WITH IN 200 F. THIS IGNITE
DETONATION OF BATTERY CUTOFF SQUIB LEAD-DUMP
SQUIB ENDS RUN (SET IN PANN. ASSY)