Prenatal Development

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Prenatal Development
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• Sperm The male sex cell
• Ovum The female sex cell

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Conception

• The union of an ovum (egg) and a sperm, resulting
  in the beginning of pregnancy.
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• (Prevention)

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Fallopian Tubes Where conception usually takes
place
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• Ovary
• Releases the egg

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Where does conception usually take place?

• In the fallopian tubes

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Where does the fertilized egg implant?

• In the uterus.

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Vagina

• The opening to the reproductive organs
• Passageway through which menstrual flow leaves
  the body

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Pap Smear
Test for cervical cancer
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Obstetrician

• A doctor that specializes in the care of pregnant
  women.

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• Prenatal Period

• The time from conception to birth

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The First Trimester of Pregnancy

• Most miscarriages are likely to occur at this
  time

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Miscarriage

• The natural ending of a pregnancy before the
  fetus could survive.

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Stillbirth

• The natural ending of a pregnancy after 20 weeks
• this happens by accident and is not the fault of
  the father or mother

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Ectopic Pregnancy

• (Tubal Pregnancy)
• When a fertilized egg implants in the fallopian
  tubes.

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Embryo

• The developing cluster of cells from
  the third to the eighth week of pregnancy.

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What is a congenital problem?

• a physical or biochemical problem in a baby that
  is present at birth.
• Down Syndrome
• Cleft Lip
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Cerebral Palsy

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What causes congenital problems?

• Environmental causes
• nutritional balance of mothers diet
• any disease or infections the mother may have
  during pregnancy
• harmful substances
• outside hazards (radiation)
• Heredity
• Errors in chromosomes

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• 3/1,000 babies have FAS
• Mother drinks heavily during pregnancy
• alcohol interferes with brain development
• heart defects
• poor motor development

FAS Brain
Normal Brain
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The Second Trimester of pregnancy

• Movement of the fetus is felt by the mother.

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Fetus

• The unborn baby from about the eighth or
  ninth week till birth.

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Ultrasound

• To evaluate the growth development of the
  fetus.
• A technique using sound waves to make a video
  image of an unborn baby

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Primary purpose of an ultra sound?

• To check for health problems and fetal
  development
• Skeletal/ organ defects

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Amniocentesis

• The withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid
  surround an unborn baby with special needle and
  testing for fluid for indications of specific
  birth defects or other health problems

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Rh Factor

• Protein substance found in the red blood cells of
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• Causes a problem to the baby when the father is
  Rh and the mother is RH-
• Rh Disease type of anemia that destroys the
  babys red blood cells

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Iron

• Needs more iron than usual to produce all the
  blood needed to supply nutrition to the placenta

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FOLIC ACID

• Aids in the creation of the baby's nervous
  system.
• Folic acid can help prevent congenital defects
  such as, spina bifida, cleft palate or cleft lip.
  

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Weight Gain for Mom

• Suggest between 25-30 lbs
• Eat an extra 300 calories per day
• Much of the weight gain goes to the growing baby
  and the tissues that support it

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Physical Activity

• Should be active unless told otherwise from her
  doctor
• Avoid contact sports
• Helps keep weight within normal activity,
  strengthens muscles used during birth, increases
  energy

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STOP!!!

• We are going to switch gears now and move on to
  look at fetal development in more detail.

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The Third Trimester of Pregnancy

• If born, the baby has the greatest chance of
  survival.
• The fetus assumes the birth position.

• The unborn fetus grows ½ pound per week.
• The unborn child develops protective immunities.

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3 Stages of Labor

• 1st Stage
• Contractions begin
• Cervix dilates
• 2nd Stage
• Child birth
• 3rd Stage
• Placenta is expelled

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• Lightening

• The term that best describes the baby dropping in
  to the birth position.

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Amniotic Fluid

• Acts as a shock absorber for the fetus.

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Show

• vaginal discharge prior to the beginning of birth
• mucus plug is released from the cervix
• brownish or blood tinged
• labor will begin in 3 days

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Contraction

• The tightening and releasing of uterine muscles.

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Dilation The widening of the cervix
Effacement The thinning of the cervix
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Cervix

• The lower part of the uterus

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Labor

• The process by which the baby gradually moves out
  of the uterus.

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Breech Birth

• When the baby is born feet or buttocks first.

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Caesarean

• (C-section) baby born by surgical opening in the
  uterus.

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Crowning

• Appearance of the head during delivery

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Episiotomy

• A cut in the vaginal opening for easier birth.

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Forceps

• Help guide the baby through the birth canal.

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Vacuum Extractor

• Soft silicone cup attached to babys head
• mother does not need to be completely dilated
• less pain medication or chance of episiotomy

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Vacuum Suction
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Umbilical Cord

• Nourishment and oxygen are carried from the
  mother to the baby through the umbilical cord

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Placenta

• Where the baby gets oxygen nutrients.

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Apgar Rating

• The rating of a babys vital signs immediately
  after birth.

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The Apgar Test

• Checks newborns physical condition for chance of
  survival
• Score 0, 1, or 2 in 5 areas
• Tested at 1 5 minutes after birth
• Heart rate
• Respiratory effort
• Muscle tone
• Reflexes
• Color

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• Baby is weighed measured
• Footprints are made
• Name bands on wrists and/or ankles for
  identification

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BONDING

• Developing a feeling of affection
• Important to both baby and parents

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Postpartum Care

• Care the mother receives during the weeks
  following the birth of her baby.
• Medical staff will monitor
• blood pressure, vital signs, pulse until all body
  functions have stabilized

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Sexually Transmitted Disease

• May cause infertility

(Note that the cradles are empty because there is
no ability to have a baby)
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Aids

• can be transmitted parentally, during delivery,
  and breast feeding

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Rubella

• Another name for German Measles

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Sterilization

• A permanent form of birth control.

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Take Your Baby Home!!