CCMP: Chesapeake Models and Data Distribution Nov 10, 2006 Slide 1

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A Synthesis of Community Data and Modeling for
Advancing River Basin Science The Evolving
Susquehanna River Basin Experiment
Proposed Project Schedule 12/1/06-11/30/08 PIs
Chris Duffy, Patrick Reed, and Kevin
Dressler The Pennsylvania State University
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Research Theme

• How Do Humans and Climate Impact the
  Sustainability of Water Resources in Large River
  Basins?
• This project extends our efforts to
• Better define the roles that climate, terrain,
  land use, ecology, and geology play in
  partitioning water and energy across
  environmental systems
• Goals
• Define and advance an Active Zone Hypothesis
• Unify predictive and experimental science for
  network design

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The Susquehanna Context
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Project Goal (1) Characterizing the Active Zone

• ACTIVE ZONE Hypothesis
• Local watershed control volume
• 3 partitions
• 1) Land surf to atm
• 2) Transition zone (near surface processes in
  canopy, root zone, etc).
• 3) Regolith from land surface to subsurface
  boundary layer (SBL)
• SBL analogous to atm
• Effective depth (major unknown)
• Feels surface water/energy fluxes
• Operates at relevant time-scales

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Project Goal (2) Unification of Modeling,
Digital Data, and Experimentation

• Observatory Network Design Needs
• Must confront the tradeoffs between economic
  constraints, performance objectives, and
  scientific knowledge gaps
• Gap analysis requires the unification of
• Multi-scale predictive modeling
• Digital data resources
• Innovative data collection strategies
• We are seeking to unify several existing efforts

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Major Research Components

• Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model
• Finite volume, irregular mesh simulation
• Fully coupled process formulation
• Developed for platform independence and open
  source
• SRB Geodatabase
• Finalized ESRI Geodatabase for entire basin
• Soils, DEM, land cover, vegetation, etc.
• Will provide FTP access in the near
• Real-Time Hydrologic Monitoring Network (RTH_Net)
• Exploring real-time Active Zone experimentation
• Developing real-time multi-state water cycle
  observations

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Multi-Scale Watersheds Emphasized in Project

• The Juniata River Basin is located in
  south-central Pennsylvania, encompassing 3,400
  square miles.
• Shavers Creek watershed is 8.6 square miles in
  area. It is located in Huntington County,
  Pennsylvania.
• Shalehills is a 0.0309 square miles watershed
  located in the Valley and Ridge physiographic
  province of central Pennsylvania.

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Nested Modeling
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PIHMgis A "Tightly Coupled" GIS Framework for
Integrated Hydrologic Modeling

• Physically-based fully-distributed hydrologic
  models try to simulate hydrologic state variables
  in space and time while using information
  regarding heterogeneity in climate, land-use,
  topography and hydrogeology
• Incorporating a large number of physical data
  layers in the hydrologic model requires intensive
  data development and topology definitions
• Issues proprietary data structures, platform
  dependence, isolated data model and non-dynamic
  data-interaction with pluggable software
  components
• Objectives Open source, platform independent and
  extensible

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ODEs for the hydrologic processes defined on a
kernel
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Base Codes for Development

• QGIS
• an open source and free "Programmable Geographic
  Information System"
• a mapping tool, a GIS modeling system, and a GIS
  application programming interface (API) all in
  one
• a platform independent Open Source Geographic
  Information System that runs on Linux, Unix, Mac
  OSX, and Windows
• libraries for raster and vector geospatial
  formats are GDAL and OGR
• Object relational database is handled using
  PostgreSQL
• Qt/C

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Geodatabase for the SRB

• Climate
• Temperate (controlled by polar front, prevailing
  westerlies Atlantic)
• Orographic effects (P35-45, ET15-50)
• Drainage
• 71,410 km2
• Main channel 714 km
• Headwaters Finger lake uplift and Appalachian
  mountain and plateau
• Mouth Chesapeake Bay, MD
• Physiography
• Appalachian plateau
• Ridge Valley
• Piedmont
• Hydrogeology
• Flat/folded sandstone and shale
• Some carbonate valleys
• Some igneous dikes, sills, and fractures

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GeodatabaseLand Surface

• Topography
• Digital elevation models
• 30 meter resolution (National Elevation Dataset)
• Streams
• Delineated from DEM
• USGS cross-sectional data correlated with
  Strahler stream order
• Channel elevation extracted from DEM
• Vegetation Soil
• VEMAP LAI and vegetation type
• Root and leaf dimensions, canopy resistance ?
  vegetation type
• CONUS soil type and data
• Mannings roughness
• Reservoirs
• Only DA gt 40,000 acre-feet ( grid cell)
• Flow versus depth data from USDOI

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GeodatabaseObservation Wells
Observation Wells
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GeodatabaseUSGS Gages
USGS Gages
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Shavers Creek RTH_Net Prototype

• Scope
• Investigate multi-scale, multi-process dynamics
  of the terrestrial water and energy balance
• Objectives
• Integrate climate stations, stream gaging, soil
  moisture and groundwater sensors
• Provide reliable internet access to real-time
  data, historical data, and ongoing archives

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Proposed Monitoring Locations
Drainage Area 161 km2
Leading Ridge
Shale Hills
Lake Perez Reservoir
Intermediate Gaging Station
Shaver Creek/Juniata Confluence
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RTH_Net Research Approach

• Initial Tasks
• Develop a holistic real-time instrumentation
  platform
• Combine weather stations, soil, groundwater, and
  surface sensors
• Measure evaporation, transpiration, recharge, and
  baseflow (active zone characterization)

(a)
(b)
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Recent RTH_Net Activities
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Questions?
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SRBHOS
Universities Alfred University Clarkson
University Colgate University Columbia
University Cornell University Drexel
University Duke University Frostburg State
University Johns Hopkins University Juniata
College Lafayette College Massachusetts Institute
of Technology Pennsylvania State
University Princeton University Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute Rutgers University San
Diego Supercomputer Center Stanford
University SUNY Binghamton SUNY Buffalo SUNY
Cortland SUNY - New Paltz SUNY
Oneonta    SUNY Plattsburgh Syracuse
University Temple UniversityUniversity of
California, Berkeley University of
Maryland University of Nevada Las
Vegas University of South Carolina
Federal Mid-Atlantic River Forecast Center NASA
Goddard, Hydrological Science Branch Northeast
Regional Climate Center USACE- Cold Regions
Research and Engineering Laboratory USDA
Agricultural Research Service  USGS
State Department of Military and Veterans
Affairs Environmental Stewardship PA DCNR PA
DEP PA Geological Survey PA State
Climatologist   
Management and Stakeholders Chesapeake Bay
Foundation Clearwater Conservancy Pennsylvania
Environmental Council Susquehanna Greenway
Partnership Susquehanna River Basin
Commission Upper Susquehanna Coalition
Water Centers New York State Water Resources
Institute Center for the Environment
Pennsylvania Center for Water Resources Virginia
Water Resources Research Center Research Centers
Chesapeake Community Model Program Chesapeake
Research Consortium Smithsonian Environmental
Research Center Stroud Water Research Center  
For more information see http//www.srbhos.psu.edu
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