Air

1
2G Network (IS-95/GSM based) (already deployed)
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
PSTN

BTS
BSC
BTS
MSC
Air
BTS
BSC
BTS
IWF
BTS
Internet
BSC
BTS
BTS

• PPP session termination (learn wireless-specific
  info. while
• establishing PPP session. Security and policy
  are linked.
• QoS management
• wireless-TCP
• Personalization of Content Services depending
  on the device
• PUSH and PULL services for Wireless
  advertisements
• Wireless-Specific Policy Gateway
• Wireless-VPNs

BTS
BSC
BTS
2
2.5G GPRS Network (being deployed)

• RLP frame processing
• Radio-specific Services
• SDU-Radio Frame processing by
• detecting the delay between 3 radio frames
• Outer loop Power management
• Location based Push and Pull services
• by identifying the location in the payload
• Packet level traffic conditioning
• Soft handoff and mobility Control
• MAC frame processing

PSTN
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS

MSC
BTS
BSC
BTS
2G SGSN
Air
BTS
BSC
BTS
GGSN
Internet
BTS

• Radio-Specific Qos
• Bandwidth Management for
• four classes of services
• on per-session/call basis
• Wireless Application Gateway
• Sector level traffic management
• Sector level security management
• Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies
• PDP context spoofing and integrating
• with policies
• Packet level policies
• GTP tunnel encapsulation
• LLC termination
• 2M PPP terminations
• Session-based QoS

BSC
BTS
BTS

• Security Management
• GTP Tunnel encapsulation

BTS
BSC
BTS
3

• RLP frame processing
• Radio-specific Services
• SDU-Radio Frame processing by
• detecting the delay between 3 radio frames
• Outer loop Power management
• Location based Push and Pull services
• by identifying the location in the payload
• Packet level traffic conditioning
• Soft handoff and mobility Control
• MAC frame processing

3G UMTS Network (to be deployed)
NodeB
NodeB
RNC
NodeB
PSTN

NodeB
RNC
NodeB
3G SGSN
Air
NodeB
RNC
NodeB
GGSN
Internet
NodeB

• sRadio-Specific Qos
• Bandwidth Management for
• four classes of services
• on per-session/call basis
• Wireless Application Gateway
• Sector level traffic management
• Sector level security management
• Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies
• PDP context spoofing and integrating
• with policies
• Packet level policies
• GTP tunnel encapsulation
• LLC termination
• 2M PPP terminations
• Session-based QoS

RNC
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
RNC
NodeB
4
3G CDMA based Network (being deployed)

• RLP frame processing
• Radio-specific Services
• SDU-Radio Frame processing by
• detecting the delay between 3 radio frames
• Outer loop Power management
• Location based Push and Pull services
• by identifying the location in the payload
• Packet level traffic conditioning
• Soft handoff and mobility Control
• MAC frame processing

BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
MSC

PSTN
BTS
BSC

• sRadio-Specific Qos
• Bandwidth Management for
• four classes of services
• on per-session/call basis
• Wireless Application Gateway
• Sector level traffic management
• Sector level security management
• Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies
• PDP context spoofing and integrating
• with policies
• Packet level policies
• GTP tunnel encapsulation
• LLC termination
• 2M PPP terminations
• Session-based QoS
• Sticky connections

BTS
Air
BTS
BSC
BTS
PCF/PDSN
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
5
3G All-IP Network

• RLP frame processing
• Radio-specific Services
• SDU-Radio Frame processing by
• detecting the delay between 3 radio frames
• Outer loop Power management
• Location based Push and Pull services
• by identifying the location in the payload
• Packet level traffic conditioning
• Soft handoff and mobility Control
• MAC frame processing

BTS
BTS
BSC
SIP Network (VOIP)
BTS
Mobility Manager
Softswitch/ Media Gateway Controller

BTS
BSC
BTS
Air
BTS
BSC
BTS
PCF/PDSN SGSN/GGSN
BTS
BSC

• sRadio-Specific Qos
• Bandwidth Management for
• four classes of services
• on per-session/call basis
• Wireless Application Gateway
• Sector level traffic management
• Sector level security management
• Wireless-specific firewalls/Policies
• PDP context spoofing and integrating
• with policies
• Packet level policies
• GTP tunnel encapsulation
• LLC termination
• 2M PPP terminations
• Session-based QoS
• Sticky Connections

BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
6
Ranking of services

• Ranking Application Bearer
• 1 Voice over IP (VoIP)
  3G
• 2 Moving Images
  3G
• 3 Remote LAN Access
  GPRS/3G
• 4 File Transfer
  3G
• 5 Downloading Software
  3G
• 6 Web Browsing
  GPRS/3G
• 7 Audio
  GPRS/HSCSD/3G
• 8            8           Document Sharing
  GPRS/3G
• 9 Home Automation
  GPRS/3G
• 10 Electronic Agent
  GPRS/3G
• 11 Dynamic Authoring
  GPRS/3G
• 12 Virtual Home Environment
  3G

7
Packet loss objectives (Source Artech
publication, ATM performance)

• Application
  Bandwidth Loss probability
•  
• VideoPhone
  64K-2Mbps 10E-8
• Videophone (variable bit) 2 Mbps
  10E-8
• Videoconference (variable
• Bit rate)
  5 Mbps 4X10E-9
• NTSC Video (variable
• Bit rate)
  1.5 Mbps 10E-10
• MPEG1 (variable bit) 1.5 Mbps
  10E-8
• MPEG2 (variable bit) 10Mpbs
  2X10E-9

8
Delay and Delay Variation objectives for Two-Way
Audio and Video Services (Source Artech
publication, ATM performance)

• Application
  Bandwidth Loss probability
•  
• VideoPhone
  64K-2Mbps 10E-8
• Videophone (variable bit) 2 Mbps
  10E-8
• Videoconference (variable
• Bit rate)
  5 Mbps 4X10E-9
• NTSC Video (variable
• Bit rate)
  1.5 Mbps 10E-10
• MPEG1 (variable bit) 1.5 Mbps
  10E-8
• MPEG2 (variable bit) 10Mpbs
  2X10E-9

9
Problem

• Current SDUs introduce delay and delay
  variation while selecting the frames. This is due
  to SDU to wait for all the frames to be arrived
  for selection from different legs (for example,
  in Nortel system I heard that SDU waits atleast
  10ms and Motorola SDU it takes 15ms). Moreover,
  one general purpose SDU used for all the
  services. Qos of different services that are
  using the SDU is not considered. One kind of
  SDU can not fit all the requirements. Hence
  existing SDU in 2G/3G RAN will have limitation in
  supporting these new services.