OSHA The Essentials of WORKPLACE SAFETY

1
OSHAThe Essentials of WORKPLACE SAFETY

• Goodwill Industries of San Antonio
• GILPS 2008
• Towanna G. Bazile, MBA -Director of Risk
  Management

2
Topics

• OSHA,NISH, DARS, CARF Standards
• Bloodborne Pathogens
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Hazardous Chemical Communication
• Control of Hazardous Energy
• Emergency Action Plan
• Training Requirements
• Inspections
• Injury-Incident Reporting

3
What is OSHA?

• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA) is the inspection and enforcement agency
  for occupational safety and health, and is a part
  of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL).

4
OSHA Act?

• In 1970 President Richard Nixon, created the
  Occupational Safety and Health Act, which created
  OSHA as an inspection and enforcement agency for
  worker safety in the United States.

5
Why was OSHA created?

• As a result to the federal government's concern
  for worker safety due to injury and death.
• To assure, as possible, safe and healthful work
  conditions for every working man and woman in the
  nation and to preserve our human resources.

6
Who is covered by OSHA?

• The Act extends to all employers and employees in
  all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto
  Rico and all other territories under federal
  government jurisdiction.

7
Employer/Employee Relationship

• Employer as defined by OSHA Any person in a
  business affecting commerce who has one or more
  employees, paid or unpaid.
• Employee as defined by OSHA Anyone who works
  on behalf of an employer, whether paid or unpaid.
• Employer-employee relationship as defined by
  OSHA The employer is determined more by who
  supervises the work than who pays the employee.

8
Multi-Employer Work Sites and Contractors

• Who is responsible?
• The employer who exposes workers to hazard.
• The employer who actually created the hazards.

9
Multi-Employer Work Sites and ContractorsWho is
responsible for Safety?

• The employer who was responsible, by contract or
  through actual practice, for safety and health
  conditions on the work site, i.e., the employer
  who had the authority for ensuring that the
  hazardous condition is corrected (controlling).
• The employer who had the responsibility for
  actually correcting the hazard (correcting).

10
OSHA StandardsWhere are they found?

• The Federal Register is published for Congress
  and carries proposed and final drafts of
  legislation.
• Each year the Government Printing Office compiles
  all new and modified legislation and assembles
  existing laws into a guide book called the Code
  of Federal Regulations (CFR).

11
OSHA StandardsWhere are they found?

• The U.S Department of Labor occupies Title 29 of
  the Code of Federal Regulations or 29CFR.
• OSHA is found in 29 CFR in Parts 1900-1999.
• OSHA Standards are divided into five categories.

12
CFR 1910General Industry Standard

• Applies to Goodwill and nearly all industries.
• CFR 1910 Section 5, (a)(1) General Duty Clause
  states
• Every employer shall furnish to each of his
  employees, employment and a place of employment
  which is free from recognized hazards that are
  causing or are likely to cause death or serious
  physical harm to his employees

13
General Duty Clause Cont.

• Section 5(b) of The General Duty Clause further
  mandates all employers shall comply with the
  occupational safety and health standards.
• OSHA can issue citations and penalize employers
  who fail to provide a safe and healthful
  workplace for its employees.

14

Compliance-Written Safety PlansAre you
compliant?

• Blood borne Pathogens-1910.1030
• Personal Protective Equipment-1910.132
• Hazard Communication-1910.1200
• Control of Hazardous Energy-1910.147
• Emergency Action Plan-1910.38(a)
• Fire Prevention Plan-1910.38 (b)
• Periodic Inspections (Required for all standards)
• Injury-Incident Reporting-CFR 1904

15
OSHA Standards alignment to NISH, CARF and DARS
Standards

• NISH, CARF and DARS provide accrediadation for
  employers who hire those with barriers to
  employment.
• NISH, CARF and DARS standards align with OSHA
  Standards. How?
• All require employers to establish health and
  safety programs, provide training and periodic
  assessment.
• Emergency plans, facility safety inspections,
  bloodborne pathogen plan, MSDS, OSHA 300 Logs,
  building occupancy and local fire code compliance
  are some of the requirements Goodwill must meet
  to receive accreditation from these agencies.

16
Bloodborne Pathogens Plan
17
Definition

• Bloodborne Pathogens pathogenic microorganisms
  that are present in human blood and can cause
  disease in humans. These pathogens include, but
  are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and
  human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• 
  OSHA 29CFR 1910.1030(b)

18
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29CFR 1910.1030

• Purpose To limit exposure to blood and other
  potentially infectious materials, (Hepatitis B,
  C, HIV) that could lead to disease or death.
• Scope Covers all employees who could be
  reasonably anticipated as the result of
  performing their job duties, to face contact with
  blood and other potentially infectious materials.
• Employees should be trained initially on
  employment and annually when changes occur.

19
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
20
Personal Protective Equipment29 CFR 1910.132

• Purpose To provide employees with knowledge of
  the proper use and care of personal protective
  equipment.
• PPE is used for protection of the eyes, face,
  head and extremities, to include protective
  clothing, respiratory devices, protective shields
  and barriers.

21
Hazard Assessment and PPE

• Hazard Assessment The employer shall assess the
  workplace to determine if hazards are present, or
  are likely to be present, which necessitate the
  use for personal protective equipment.

22
Hazard Assessment and PPE

• If such hazards are present or are likely to be
  present, the employer shall select and have each
  affected employee use the types of PPE that will
  protect the employee from the hazards identified,
  communicate selection decisions, and select PPE
  that properly fits each affected employee.
• The employer shall verify the required workplace
  assessment has been performed.

23
Personal Protective Equipment General
Requirements

• PPE shall be provided, used and maintained in a
  sanitary and reliable condition whenever it is
  necessary.
• Employee-owned equipment Where employees provide
  their own protective equipment , the employer
  shall be responsible to assure its adequacy,
  including proper maintenance and sanitation.
• Design All PPE shall be of safe design and
  construction for the work to be performed.
• Defective and damaged PPE shall not be used.

24
Personal Protective EquipmentTraining

• Prior to use, the employer shall provide training
  to each employee who is required to use PPE.
• Training should include
• When PPE is necessary
• What PPE is necessary
• How to properly wear and adjust PPE
• The limitations of the PPE, and proper care,
  maintenance, and useful life
• Disposal of the PPE

25
Personal Protective EquipmentTraining Continued

• The employer shall also demonstrate proper
  knowledge of the use and care of the PPE after
  training or retraining is required.
• The employer shall verify that each affected
  employee received and understood the required
  training through written certification.

26
PPE Re-Training Guidelines

• Re-training shall occur when changes in the
  workplace render previous training obsolete.
• Changes in types of PPE to be used render
  previous training obsolete.
• Inadequacies in an affected employees knowledge
  or use of the assigned PPE.

27
Hazardous Communications
28
Hazard Communication Standard29 CFR 1910.1200

• Purpose Chemical safety instructions shall be
  provided to each employee who may be exposed to
  hazardous chemicals when working with hazardous
  chemicals.
• This standard though 20 years old, still results
  in the greatest number of state and federal
  citations and fines. Today failure to comply is a
  willful violation.

29
(HazCom) Plan Elements

• The Five Principle Components of the Chemical
• Hazard (HazCom) Standard
• A Chemical Inventory List
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all
  chemicals used, current and previous.
• Labeling Process-Hazard warning on all chemicals.
  
• Written Plan
• Training-Conducted prior to initial assignment
  and whenever the hazard changes.

30
Hazardous Energy
31
Control of Hazardous EnergyLockout/Tagout 29 CFR
1910.147

• Purpose To control the unexpected energization
  of machines and equipment, or release of stored
  energy, in order to prevent workplace injuries
  during service and maintenance.
• This standards also includes chemical, steam, air
  and hydraulic.

32
Controlling Hazardous Energy

• Locks are used to lockout electrical devices.
  (Electrical panels, circuit breakers, etc).
• Round Doughnut locks are also used for other
  sources of energy.
• Tags are used to lock out non-electrical devices.
  (The tags are red black and white in color).

33
Who must comply?

• All employees however authorized employees are
  the only individuals approved to use isolating
  devices such as locks and tags. These individuals
  shall receive training on recognition and
  controlling of hazardous energy sources.
• Affected employees shall be instructed in the
  purpose and use of the energy control devices and
  procedures used to control stored energy.

34
Lockout/Tagout
35
Lockout/Tagout Training

• Training is conducted upon hire, and prior to
  initial job assignment.
• Whenever there is a change in machines,
  equipment or processes that present a new hazard,
  or there is a change in the energy control
  procedures.

36
Lockout/Tagout Training

• When periodic inspections reveal or whenever the
  employer has a reason to believe there are
  deviations from or inadequacies in the employees
  knowledge or use of the energy control
  procedures.
• The employer shall certify the employee training
  has been accomplished and being kept up-to date.

37
Emergency Action Plan(Preparedness)
38
Emergency Action Plan29CFR 1910.38

• An employer must have an Emergency Action Plan.
• The plan must be in writing, kept in the
  workplace, and available to employees for review.
• Employees must be trained on use of the plan.

39
Emergency Plan Elements

• Procedures for reporting the emergency.
• Procedures for emergency evacuation, type of
  evacuation and exit routes.
• Procedures to be followed by employees who remain
  to operate critical operations before they
  evacuate. (Safety Ambassadors and key members of
  management).
• Procedures to account for all employees after the
  evacuation.

40
Emergency Plan Elements

• Procedures to be followed by employees performing
  rescue or medical duties.
• An employee alarm system that includes a
  distinctive signal.
• The name or job title of the person every
  employee may contact to obtain additional
  information about the plan or an explanation of
  their duties under the plan.

41
Emergency Plan Elements

• An employer must designate and train employees to
  assist in a safe and orderly evacuation of other
  employees. This includes training on fire
  prevention techniques, such as recognizing
  electrical hazards, use of extinguisher, etc.
  (Fire Prevention 29 CFR 1910.38)

42
Emergency Plan Elements

• An employer must review the emergency action plan
  with each employee covered by the plan upon
  initial assignment, when the employees
  responsibilities under the plan change and when
  the plan is changed.

43
Facility Safety Inspections
44
Facility Inspections

• Each employer shall conduct periodic inspections
  and review each plan at least annually to ensure
  the procedure and requirements of each standard
  are being followed.
• Each employer shall certify inspections and
  written plan reviews have been conducted.
• Each employer shall have measures in place for
  employees to report hazards.

45
Incident Reporting

• All incidents and injuries shall be documented,
  reported and investigated immediately.
• Injuries resulting in restricted duty or lost
  days shall be reported and posted annually on
  OSHA Summary of Work Related Injuries and Illness
  Log within each facility.

46
OSHA, CARF, NISH, DARS Inspection Process

• Opening Conference Reason/scope of inspection.
• Inspection Physical inspection, review of
  training records, written programs, postings and
  record keeping procedures.
• Closing Conference Discussion of inspection
  findings.

47
OSHA Citations

• The OSHA compliance officer will submit a report
  of findings to the OSHA area director.
• A certified letter mailed detailing alleged
  violations and the penalties assessed.
• Penalties range from 1,000-70,000 per
  violation.
• CARF, NISH, DARS do not assess fines however
  accreditation may not be granted.

48
OSHA Posting Requirements

• The employer must post a copy of the citation at
  or near the location(s) in which the violation(s)
  occurred. It must remain posted for three
  workdays or until corrective action has been
  completed.

49
Petition/Informal Conference

• An employer may file a petition for modification
  of abatement or correct the condition by the date
  set in the OSHA Notice.
• An employer may also request an informal
  conference with the OSHA area director within 15
  work days from the time the citation was
  received.

50
OSHAs 10 Top Violations

OSHA Compliance Assistance osha.gov

• 1. Scaffolding (1926.451)
• 2. Fall Protection (1926.501)
• 3. Hazard Communication (1910.1200)
• 4. Lock-out Tag-out (1910.147)
• 5. Respiratory Protection (1910.134)

51
OSHAs 10 Top Violations
OSHA Compliance Assistance osha.gov

• 6. Industrial Lift Trucks (1910.178)
• 7. Electrical Wiring (1910.303)
• 8. Ladders (1926.1053)
• 9. Machines General (1910.212)
• 10. Electrical General (1910.303)

52
Best Practices

• Toll Free
• Network Hotline
• Safety Ambassadors and Safety Trainers
• Safety is EVERYONES responsibility!