Swimming ORM

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Recreation And Off-Duty Swimming ORM Brief
Naval Safety Center Dave Smith
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Operational Risk Management
What is ORM?
A process to assist you in performing everyday
tasks safely and efficiently! Modify the process
to fit the situation while still identifying and
assessing risks and developing controls to reduce
the hazards.
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Where Are We?

• During FY98-02, mishaps cost the
  Navy and Marines
• 3.7 BILLION
• 1,000 LIVES!

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How People Died In Mishaps USN/USMC, FY98-02
Traffic
Total Deaths
FY00 213 FY01 175 FY02
238 FY98-02 1000
Rate per 100,000 personnel
Shore/ Ground
Recreation
Aviation
Afloat
Sailors Marines Off-Duty Deaths 72
569 142 136 135
18 No. of Deaths, FY98 - 02
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Cost of Mishaps Navy Marine Corps FY 98-02
Total 3.7 Billion
Aviation
2.9B
Recreation 56M
PMV 122M
Afloat 352M
Shore/Ground 105M
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Sailors/Marines Off-Duty Alcohol-Related
Deaths FY 98-02
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Top 3 Leading Causes Of Recreation
Deaths

• Drowning
• Boating, Swimming, SCUBA Diving

• Falls
• Buildings, Cliffs, Snow Drifts

• Alcohol Poisoning/Drug Overdose

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Top 3 Recreation Injury Producers

• Basketball
• Softball/Baseball
• Football

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Findings

• Mishaps
• - Lack of Headwork
• - Inexperience
• - Non-use of PPE
• - Alcohol Involvement

Human Error
80 of Causal Factors!
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Causes Of Risk
Personal Work Ethic
Complex Evolutions
High Energy Levels
CHANGE!!
Stress
Environmental Influences
Human Nature
Resource Constraints
New Technology
Feeling of Invincibility
Complacency
Speed, Tempo of Operations
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Elements Of ORM

• 3 Levels of Application

• 4 Principles

• 5 Steps

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3 Levels Of Application

• Time Critical

90 of ORM processes are On the run

• Deliberate

Complete 5 step process

• In Depth

Other considerations outside local chain of
command
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4 Principles

• Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh Cost
• Accept No Unnecessary Risk
• Anticipate and Manage Risk by Planning
• Make Risk Decisions at Correct Level

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5 Step















Process
1. Identify Hazards
2. Assess Hazards
5. Supervise

4. Implement Controls
3. Make Risk Decisions
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Step 1Identify Hazards

• Analyze Manageable Pieces of an Event
• Use Experience As a Guide
• Experience Is the Name Everyone Gives
  to Their Mistakes
• Oscar
  Wilde, 1892
• Ask What If, Use Brainstorming, Think Cause and
  Effect

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Step 2Assess Hazards

• Prioritize Identified Hazards
• Based on
• Severity
• Probability

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Step 2 Assess Hazards
Severity Probability of Occurrence RAC
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Step 3Make Risk Decisions

• Consider Risk Control Options, Most Serious
  Risks First
• Risk Versus Benefit
• Communicate As Required

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Step 4ImplementControls

• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment

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Step 5 Supervise

• Same as any other supervisory process

• Assure Controls Effective and in Place
• Maintain Implementation Schedules
• Correct Ineffective Risk Controls
• Watch for Change

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Part II Applying ORM
Off-Duty
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ORM Five Steps

• Identify Hazards
• Assess Hazards
• Make Risk Decisions
• Implement Controls
• Supervise/Evaluate

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Scenario

• 19 Year Old Sailor
• Class II Swimmer
• Breath-Holding And
  Hyperventilating
• Shallow Water Blackout

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1. Identify Swimming Hazards

• Water Clarity
• Insufficient Water Depth
• Poor Swimmers
• Shallow Water Blackout
• Alcohol
• Thunderstorms

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Risk Matrix
Probability of Occurrence Severity
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2. Assess Swimming Hazards In Terms Of Risk

• Hazards
• Insufficient Water Depth
• Poor Swimmers
• Thunderstorms

Risk Assessment Serious/Probably (2)


Serious/Probably
(2) Critical/Probably (1)
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2. Assess Swimming Hazards In Terms Of Risk
(cont.)

• Hazards
  Risk Assessment
• Shallow Water
  Critical/Likely (1)
• Blackout
• Alcohol
  Serious/Probably (2)
• Water Clarity
  Critical/Likely (1)

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3. Make Swimming Risk Decisions Based On Risks

• Hazards
• Shallow Water Blackout
• Water Clarity
• Poor Swimmers
• Thunderstorms
• Insufficient Water Depth
• Alcohol

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4. Implement Swimming Controls

• Hazards
  Controls
• Shallow Water Blackout Place Signs
  Prohibiting
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Breath-Holding And
  Hyperventilating Techniques -
  Recognize/Measures To Take
  
  
  
  
• Water Clarity Qualified
  Person Adding
  
  
  
  
  Properly Balanced Chemicals -
  
  
  
  
  Four Inch Black On White
  Disc
  
• Poor Swimmers Adequate
  Number Of Life
  Guards - Offer Swimming
  
  Lessons

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4. Implement Swimming Controls (cont.)

• Hazards
• Thunderstorms
• Insufficient Water Depth
• Alcohol

Controls Lifeguard Clear Pool For
Determined Period Of Time Check Water Depth For
Diving Boards Dont Allow Intoxicated Swimmers
To Use Facility
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• 5. Supervise/Evaluate

• Monitor Effectiveness
  Of Controls
• Watch For Changes

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Take Away

• What Can Hurt Me?
• What Can I Do About It?
• What Do I Do
• If Something Goes Wrong?

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Benefits Of Risk Management

• Reduction in serious injuries and fatalities
• Reduction in material and property damage
• Effective mission accomplishment

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Summary

• ORM is a process ... NOT a program
• Decision making tool to
• Increase ability to make informed choices
• Reduce risks to acceptable level
• ORM must become an inherent way of doing
  business

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The End
Dave Smith, Code, 427 DSN 564-3520 EXT 7180 COML
[phone] E-Mail david.a.smith_at_navy.mil FAX
DSN 564-6044 COML [phone] Visit Our Web
www.safetycenter.navy.mil