Energy Production: Creating Cleaner, Sustainable Energy

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Energy ProductionCreating Cleaner, Sustainable
Energy

• S. Keith Dunn
• Chemistry Program
• Centre College

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Outline

• Primary vs. Secondary Sources
• Fossil Fuels and the Carbon Cycle
• Renewables
• Secondary Sources and Efficiency
• Energy Use Projections
• Additional Readings

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Conservation of Energy

• Energy is neither Created nor Destroyed
• Energy can be transformed from one form to
  another
• Energy reservoirs are Stored Energy from previous
  costly events (withdrawals require previous
  deposits)

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Primary Sources

• Ready to Harvest
• Fossil Fuels
• Coal
• Natural Gas
• Oil and Petroleum
• Nuclear Fission
• Renewables
• Solar, Hydro, Wind
• Biomass

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Present Source Breakdown
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Carbon Cycle

• (Plant Stuff) O2 CO2 H2O Energy
• CO2 gets removed (sequestered)
• Plant Growth
• Dissolving in Ocean (Making Limestone)

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Greenhouse Effect

• CO2 (and other greeenhouse gases) transmit the
  Suns UV and Visible radiation, but absorb and
  send back IR radiation from the Earths radiative
  cooling
• Greenhouse gases act as a thermal blanket
• Greenhouse Effect is why life on Earth is
  possible
• Humans contribution disturbs natures delicate
  balance

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Secondary Sources

• Electricity and Batteries
• Pumped Hydro
• H2
• 2H2 O2 2H2O Energy
• Biomass (ethanol, etc.)
• Plant Growth followed by Combustion

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Developed/Undeveloped Nations
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Production Projections
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Percentages from Sources
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Summary

• Energy Consumption is rising Exponentially
  (Compound Interest, were on an Interest-Only
  Loan with Respect to Energy)
• Must find new Primary Sources
• Secondary Sources (Storage and Transport) can
  play an important role for Efficiency

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Additional Reading

• September, 2006 Issue of Scientific American,
  Special Issue on Energys Future Beyond Carbon
• August 28, 2006 Issue of Chemical and Engineering
  News, Profile of the National Renewable Energy
  Lab (DOE)
• International Energy Outlook 2006
  http//www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/index.html