Chemistry 4362

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Chemistry 4362

• Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

Instructor Dr. Byron K. Christmas Class Time
Tue Thur - 529 to 649 p.m. Classroom
A-623 Phone [phone] FAX (713)
221-8528 E-Mail ChristmasB_at_uhd.edu
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Introduction

• What is Inorganic Chemistry ?

• The chemistry of everything that is NOT
  organic

• The chemistry of all of the elements and their
  compounds
• except for the hydrocarbons and their
  derivatives.

• The branch of chemistry falling between and
  overlapping
• with physical chemistry and organic chemistry.

• What Inorganic Chemists Do!

• Your Personal Definition??

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What Do Inorganic Chemists Do ?

• Synthesize and characterize substances other than
  those that are clearly organic.

• Determine the structures of inorganic
  substances.

• Investigate the chemical reactions of inorganic
  substances.

• Investigate the physical properties of
  inorganic substances.

.

• Develop hypotheses and theories to explain and
  systematize
• the empirical data collected.

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Why Should You Study Inorganic Chemistry ?

• Essentially the entire universe is Inorganic.

Elemental Composition of the Sun and the
Universe Sun Universe Hydrogen 92.5
90.87 Helium 7.3 9.08
All Others 0.2 0.05

• The Earth is predominantly Inorganic.

Elemental Composition of the Earths
Crust Oxygen 45.5 Iron 6.20 Silicon 27.2
Calcium 4.66 Aluminum 8.30 All
Others 8.14
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Inorganic materials are an essential part of our
national economy.

• U.S. Production of Top 10 Chemicals (x 109 lb.) -
  1997
• Sulfuric Acid 95.58
• Nitrogen 82.88
• Oxygen 64.84
• Ethylene 51.08
• Lime 42.56
• Ammonia 38.39
• Propylene 27.53
• Phosphoric Acid 26.83
• Ethylene Dichloride 26.29
• Sulfur 26.24
• From CEN, June 29, 1998
• Calculated from billion cubic feet at STP

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U.S. Production of Top 50 Chemicals (x 109 lb.) -
1994 Total Organics 279.17 Total
Inorganics 450.19 Grand Total 729.36

• Inorganics are essential to life.
• Water is essential for all life.
• About 30 different elements are believed to be
• essential to life - 28 in addition to carbon
  and
• hydrogen.

• For all practical purposes, Inorganic Chemistry
  IS
• chemistry - the study of the properties,
  composition, and structure of matter, the
  physical and chemical changes it undergoes, and
  the energy liberated or absorbed during those
  changes.

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Approaches to the Study of Inorganic Chemistry

• Empirical Approach (Descriptive Chemistry)
• Historically this was the way it was taught.
• It involves essentially all memorization.
• It is necessary for a complete understanding of
  Chemistry.

• Theoretical Approach
• It provides a framework for understanding the
  why of
• descriptive chemistry.
• It can provide intellectual satisfaction.
• It is limited in its ability to give
  explanations for all
• observed phenomena.
• It has dominated the teaching of Inorganic
  Chemistry
• for about 25 years.

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• Industrial Applications Approach
• Few schools other than chemical engineering
• programs have used this approach.
• It is of great practical importance for
  students
• preparing for industry.
• It is of limited utility in preparing for
  graduate
• work in chemistry.

• Balanced Approach
• Provides a balance among all approaches.
• Applicable to survey-type course.
• Useful for either graduate school or industry
• preparation.
• Used in THIS COURSE!!

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Course Overview

• Theoretical Concepts
• Atomic Structure the Periodic Table
• Properties of the Elements
• Introduction to Chemical Bonding
• The Ionic Bond
• The Covalent Bond
• The Metallic Bond
• Intermolecular Attractive Forces
• Thermodynamics
• Acids and Bases
• Oxidation/Reduction

• Descriptive Chemistry and Industrial Applications

• Student Presentations