Dialictus: DNA barcoding a nightmare taxon

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Dialictus DNA barcoding a nightmare taxon

• Jason Gibbs
• York University
• Toronto, Canada

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Overview

• Dialictus taxonomy
• Integrative taxonomy
• DNA barcoding results
• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3
• Type 4
• Future work

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Dialictus taxonomists nightmare

• gt500 species worldwide
• gt250 in North America (for now!)
• Morphologically monotonous
• Caste differentiation in social species
• Sexual dimorphism

AH!! Dialictus!
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• Halictus semicaeruleus
• Halictus (Chloralictus) semicaeruleus
• Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) semicaeruleum
• Dialictus semicaeruleus
• Lasioglossum (Dialictus) semicaeruleum
• Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) semicaeruleum
• Evylaeus semicaeruleus
• Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pruinosiforme
• Halictus pruinosiformis
• Halictus (Chloralictus) pruinosiformis

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Integrative taxonomy

• Integrative approach
• Morphology
• DNA barcodes
• Back to morphology
• Compare to holotypes

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Results Type 1

• Clear agreement between morphology and molecules
• Little variation within species across large
  geographical areas

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Intraspecific versus Interspecific variation
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Intraspecific versus Interspecific variation

• Difficult taxa removed for clarity

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Results Type 2

• Deep divergences within a single species
• Cryptic species
• Erroneous synonymies

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Results changing distributions

• Lasioglossum succinipenne
• Current known distribution on Discoverlife.org

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Results changing distributions

• Lasioglossum pilosum
• Current known distribution on Discoverlife.org

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Results Barcoded Lasioglossum pilosm
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Results Barcoded Lasioglossum succinipenne
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Results Distribution changes
L. succinipenne
L. pilosum
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Eastern tegulare group

• L. surianae renders L. tegulare
  paraphyletic
• Two resurrected species (L. ellisiae and L.
  lepidii)
• Two new species (L. carlinvillense and L.
  puteulanum)
• L. tegulare

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Eastern tegulare group
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Results Type 3

• Sex associations
• New synonymies

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Results Type 4

• Different morphologies
• Same sequence!
• L. rohweri and L. callidum

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Revision of the Canadian and Eastern USA fauna

• Describe all species in these regions (100)
• New synonymies
• 20 so far
• Resurrections
• 4 so far
• New species
• 12 so far
• Distribution data
• Provide morphological keys
• More new species in Western USA

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Acknowledgements

• Museums
• (ANSP, CAS, CNC, CUIC, FSCA, INHS, KUNHM, NCSU,
  NHM, NMNH, ROM, UCMC, UNSM)
• Collaborators
• (Sam Droege, Terry Griswold, Andrea Patenaude,
  Karen Wetherill, Bob Minckley, Elizabeth Elle,
  Mike Arduser, Rob Jean, Victoria MacPhail, John
  Ascher, Packer lab... and others I forget)
• This research was supported by OGSST and through
  funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network
  from Genome Canada, NSERC and other sponsors
  listed at www.BOLNET.org and Numerous
  collaborators and museums donated invaluable
  specimens that made this research possible.
• Dead bee images taken using equipment at the ROM
  (courtesy of Dr. Chris Darling)
• Live bees from BugGuide.net