The Nile River Valley

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The Nile River Valley

• Egypt

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Nile River

• The Longest River in the world
• Flows from south to north
• Floods every year in September October
• Worshiped and revered by the Egyptians as the
  life giver

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Upper Lower Egypt

• The Nile river Delta
• Lower Egypt
• In the North
• The Land Up-Stream
• Upper Egypt
• In the South

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Red Land vs. Black Land

• Red Land
• Deserts
• East and west of the Nile
• Black Land
• Nile Flood plain
• On the banks of the Nile

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Religion

• Polytheistic
• Many gods
• Two groups most important

Sun Gods Atum Ra
Earth Gods Isis Osiris Seth
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Isis, Osiris, Seth

• Osiris brought civilization
• Killed by his brother Seth
• Cut into 14 parts and thrown into the Nile
• Found by his wife Isis and put back together
• Brought back to life

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Unification

• King Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt
• Ruler of unified Egypt Pharaoh
• Claimed to be Horus
• Son of Isis and Osiris
• Protector of Egypt

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Writing

• Hieratic script
• Most common developed for daily use
• Written in ink on papyrus
• Hieroglyphics
• Pictographic writing (pictures stand for words)
• Not phonetic, where pictures stand for sounds

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Rosetta Stone

• Carved during the Ptolemy's rule 196 BC
• Greek rulers of Egypt
• Written in Greek, Hieratic Script, Hieroglyphics

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Old Middle Kingdoms

• Old Kingdom
• 2700 BC 2200 BC
• Building of Pyramids
• Collapsed in Chaos
• Middle Kingdom
• 2050 BC 1652 BC
• Nubian Empire
• Collapsed with invasion of the Hyksos

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New Kingdom

• 1567 BC 1085 BC
• Ramses II of Bible
• Akhenaton

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Akhenaton

• Tried make Egypt monotheistic
• Outlawed all gods but Aton
• Later erased from Egyptian History

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Mummification
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Giza Plateau

• Home to
• The Great Pyramid
• The Sphinx