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Counseling 420

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All science is ever evolving in explanations for it's unified or overall theory. Physics ... Normal Science. New Explanations. Tendencies for those in power ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Counseling 420


1
Counseling 420
  • Introduction to
  • Family Counseling
  • Dr. Jeffrey K. Edwards, LMFT

2
Counseling 420
  • A Really Great Class
  • That will not only change
  • your mind
  • about how to counsel,
  • but will make you a better person, too!!

3
The Field of Family Counseling
  • AAMFC
  • AAMFT -
  • AFTA -
  • IAMFC
  • APA
  • ACSW -

4
Credentials
  • AAMFT Clinical Member, Approved Supervisor
  • LMFT State License
  • ALMFT State provisional License given to
    approved programs, NEIUs is one.
  • CADREP Accredited program

5
Major Journals
  • AAMFT JMFT
  • IAMFC The Family Journal
  • The Family Therapy Networker
  • JST
  • Journal of Feminist Family Therapy
  • International Journal of Family Therapy
  • Family Process

6
Major Difference between Individual Model and
Family Systems Models
  • An individual model sees problems as residing
    within an individual, i.e., psychopathology.
  • A Family Systems model sees problems as being
    imbedded within, and created by a family
    structure, i.e., intergenerational or present day
    context.

7
Introduction - Meta Theories
  • Carl Pepper, 1950s
  • Formistic
  • Mechanistic
  • Organismic
  • Contextualistic

8
Introduction - Meta Theories
  • Formistic
  • Follows from Phrenology, or the study of bumps on
    your head. Also, is akin to ectomorph and
    endomorph study. Posits that human beings fall
    into categories that we can know and make
    assumptions about. Like what today???

9
Introduction - Meta Theories
  • Mechanistic
  • Theories that use this as a template believe that
    human beings are like machines. Left over from
    the days of Newtonian Physics, and the belief
    that the whole world is a machine that can be
    reduced to its parts, thus understood and fixed.

10
Introduction - Meta Theories
  • Organismic
  • Mostly from the ideas of persons in the 1940s
    and 50s.
  • Suggests that humans grow and evolve. Carl
    Rogers
  • The Nobel Prize winner, Pergogine discovered that
    small systems when presented with a stressor
    would either evolve to the next higher level or
    would parish!!!

11
Introduction - Meta Theories
  • Contextualistic
  • The belief that all of human behavior can be
    understood within context. As the context
    changes, so does the usefulness of the
    explanation. Examples are
  • Gary, Native Americans, Systemic vs. Individual
    view of human beings

12
Paradigm Shifts
  • Kuhn,
  • All science is ever evolving in explanations for
    its unified or overall theory.
  • Physics
  • Normal Science
  • New Explanations
  • Tendencies for those in power to maintain Normal
    Science
  • New Science Becomes Normal Science

13
A System is
  • A series of inter-related, interdependent,
    interconnected parts whose, whole is greater than
    the sum of its parts.

14
  • Systems thinking has its foundation in the field
    of system dynamics, founded in 1956 by MIT
    professor Jay Forrester.
  • The approach of systems thinking is fundamentally
    different from that of traditional forms of
    analysis. Traditional analysis focuses on
    separating the individual pieces of what is being
    studied in fact, the word "analysis" actually
    comes from the root meaning "to break into
    constituent parts." Systems thinking focuses on
    how the object to be studied interacts with the
    other parts of the systemof which it is a part.
    Instead of isolating smaller and smaller parts of
    the system, systems thinking expands its view to
    account for larger and larger numbers of
    interactions. This can result in strikingly
    different conclusions than those of traditional
    analysis, especially when what is being studied
    is dynamically complex or has a great deal of
    feedback from other sources, internal or
    external.

15
  • The character of systems thinking makes it
    extremely effective on the most difficult types
    of problems to solve those involving complex
    issues, those that depend a great deal dependence
    on the past or on the actions of others, and
    those stemming from ineffective coordination
    among those involved. Examples of areas in which
    systems thinking has proven its value include
  • Complex problems that involve helping many actors
    see the "big picture" and not just their part of
    it
  • Recurring problems or those that have been made
    worse by past attempts to fix them
  • Issues where an action affects (or is affected
    by) the environment surrounding the issue, either
    the natural environment or the competitive
    environment
  • Problems whose solutions are not obvious (Daniel
    Aronson, http//www.thinking.net/Systems_Thinking/
    Intro_to_ST/intro_to_st.html

16
Systemic Concepts
  • Holen - one smaller piece of the system has all
    the information needed to reconstruct the larger
    part system.
  • A group of smaller subsystems whos purpose is to
    reproduce themselves with as much integrity of
    the larger system as possible.
  • Systems are regulated by cybernetic principles --
    feedback, either negative (dont change) or
    positive (change)

17
More Systemic Thinking
  • Homeostasis - The tendency for systems to return
    to the previous state
  • Homeodynamic - The tendency for systems to remain
    in the same form while evolving to the next
    logical type
  • Change is not difficult, Change is inevitable!!

18
Systems Concepts
  • Systems are considered processors of information,
    or energy.
  • Systems are either open or closed. Information
    either gets in, or cannot get in to the system.
  • Systems thinking is not linear, as cause and
    effect, but are circular, recursive and
    multi-causal. Within living systems, linearity
    is curbed by the systems internal process. Hit
    a ball hit a dog?

19
Systems Concepts
  • Multi verse
  • Seamless universe
  • Entropy
  • Organizing principles of a system

20
More Systemic Thinking
  • From a systemic point of view, a symptom is a
    sign that the system is in need of, or in the
    process of change. It is not necessarily a
    pathology!!

21
Discussion of Family Case Study
  • http//www.neiu.edu/jkedward/Introfam.htm

22
Thats all for now!!
23
  • 2 - "Normal" Family Development - In class Kazak,
    et al,1989 Walsh, 1987, Family Therapy
    overview,. Systems concepts. Read Nichols and
    Schwartz, Chs.1 2
  • 3 -Family Therapy outcome research. Pinsof
    Wynne (1995). Introduction to the family of
    family counseling. Introduction to Systems
    Theory, Gregory Bateson - Systems and
    Cybernetics, the beginning of family counseling.
    (film on use of genograms) Nichols and Schwartz,
    Ch. 3
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