Developmental history of homoeopathy

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WELCOME
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Developmental history of homoeopathy

• Dr Rita Chakraborty
• Professor, In charge
• Dept. of repertory

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Homoeopathy originated from the Greek word
?µ????, hómoios, "similar" p????, pathos,
"suffering" or "disease") is a form of
alternative medicine first defined by Samuel
Hahnemann in the 18th century.
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Founder Dr Christian Friedrich Samuel
Hahnemann in 18th Century

• Based on the principles of Similia Similibus
  Curentur

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A brief review of Hahnemann's life.
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Life living

• Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann, born on
  10th of April, of 1755 Meissen, Saxony, of
  Germany.
• Meissen a small town on the bank of river Elbe,
  famous for its porcelain, Meissen
• wine, and flourishing Cloth trade.

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• His father,uncles and grandfathers were all
• painter and designer of porcelain.

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Meissen in Hahnemann's time, where he lived from
1755 to 1775. Vue de Meissen du temps d'Hahnemann
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• Hahnemann was
  born in his parents
  house, which
  his
  father bought
  on 6th April 1753,
  for the sum of
  
  437 thalers.

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Church near his house
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Parents Siblings

• Father, Christian Gottfried Hahnemann, painter.
• Mother, Johanna Christiana, born Spiess.
• They had 5 children and Hahnemann was the 3rd
  child of his parents.
• He was admitted to the Town school on 20th July
  1767, at the age of 12 years.

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School days -Meissen

• When he was 5 years of age, his father had a
  habit of giving him thinking lessons. His
  fathers word-
• I must go home now, I have to give a lesson
  to my son Samuel, a lesson in thinking that boy
  must learn to think.
• His parents taught him to read and write.
• Prove all things, hold fast that which is
  good, was the substance of his fathers advice

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• But his father was against his academic carrier
  due to financial problem.
• His aptitude for study excited the admiration of
  his schoolmaster, with whom be became a favorite,
  and who undertook to direct his studies, and
  encouraged him to a higher order of study than
  that constituted the usual curriculum of a
  Grammar School.

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• This did not please his father, who several times
  removed him from the school and set him to some
  less intellectual work, but at length restored
  him to his favorite studies at the earnest
  request of his teacher, Master Muller, teacher in
  ancient language German composition, instructed
  the Samuel until his twentieth year without
  remuneration.
• He spent several years in the public school , of
  Meissen, till his sixteenth year, then to the
  private school in the same place, and four years
  there after to attend the University of Leipsic.

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• On leaving school it was the custom to write an
  essay on some subject, and Hahnemann selected the
  somewhat unusual one.
• The wonderful structure of the human hand
• a theme which was so beautifully discoursed upon
  by his Sir Charles Bell, in his Bridgewater
  Treatise. Who would not like to wee how the boy
  Hahnemann treated this subject, his selection of
  which shown a strong bias towards natural
  science?

article
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His SojournMeissen to Leipzig- Vienna

• On Easter, 1775, with the sum of twenty thalers
  (this was the last money received from his
  father) and his fathers blessing he went to
  Leipzig for study of medicine.
• His fondness for practicing medicine led him
  journeyed to Vienna, in order to witness the
  practice of medicine in the hospital Brothers of
  Charity of there, and had the good fortune to
  secure the friendship of Dr. Von Quarin,
  
• (Princes family physician)

Dr. Von Quarin
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He says ,
Life at Vienna

• I had his friendship, and I might also say his
  love, and I was the only one of my age whom he
  took with him to visit his private patients. He
  respected, loved and instructed me as if I had
  been the first of his pupils, and even more than
  this, and he did all without expecting to receive
  any compensation from me.

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At Vienna he did no translating but devoted
himself entirely to acquiring the principles of
medicine, and to his studies in the
hospital
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• During this time he had had for his support only
  68 florins 12 kreutzers and he was reluctantly
  compelled to tell his benefactor of his inability
  to continue his studies. Then Dr Quarin came to
  his aid and secured for him the position. That
  was the great opportunity in his life.

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• And It was the opportunity from Governor of
  
  Transylvania
  
  Dr Baron von
  Bruckenthal, as
• family physician
  and custodian
  of
  his important library
  of
  Hermanstadt.

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• At the age of twenty he had mastered in 9
  languages e.g.
• English, French, Italian, Greek and Latin,"
  and was making himself living as a translator
  and teacher of languages. He later gained
  proficiency in "Arabic, Syriac, Chaldaic and
  Hebrew, but he was able to speak in around 14
  languages.
• He was consuming the midnight oil over his books,
  in a lamp which he had himself constructed out of
  clay.

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• In the spring of 1779 he
• good-bye to his good friend,
• the Baron,and departed for
• the University of Erlangen.
• He defended his thesis
  successfully, on the 10th
  of
• August, 1779, receiving his
• degree as
• doctor of medicine.
• The subject of this thesis was,
• " A consideration of the Etiology and
• Therapeutics of Spasmodic Affections."

University of Erlangen.
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First years as a physician

• He himself says
• I went thither to begin my career as a practicing
  physician in the mining town of Hettstadt, in
  Mansfield county. Here it was impossible to,
  develop either inwardly or outwardly, and I left
  the place for Dessau in the spring of 1781, after
  a sojourn of nine months.
• Here I found a better and more cultured
  society.

Dessau
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As chemist

• Chemistry occupied my leisure hours and short
  trips made to improve my knowledge of mining and
  smelting filled up the yet quite large dormer
  windows in my mind.
• He became a regular visitor at the laboratory of
  the apothecary Haseler, where he was enabled to
  perfect himself in practical pharmacy and
  chemistry.

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• But at the end of this year he was appointed
  district physician in Gommern.
• And here he met his future wife.

• Gommern.

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Life at Gomern 1781-1784

• Marriage
• "On 1st of December, 1782, Mr. Samuel Hahnemann,
  married to spinster Johanna Henrietta Leopoldina
  Kuchler,19 years old, only legitimate daughter of
  the late Godfried Henry Kuchler, and of his wife,
  Martha Sophia,
• in St. john's Church here."

Johanna Henrietta Leopoldina Kuchler
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• Hahnemann translated from the French, the chemist
  Demachy's (first chemist)
  Art of
  Manufacturing Chemical Products.
• In 1785 he published, at Leipzig, of Demachy's
• Art of Manufacturing Chemical Products in
  two volumes

Demachy
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Innocent delights

• At the end of 1783 the eldest child, Henrietta,
  was born.
• He was not only genius but also an affectionate
  father, who was composed a song for his baby,
• Sleep daughter, gently ! The yellow bird
  chirps in the wood,
• Lightly it jumps o'er the ice and the snow,
  And quietly sleeps on bare branches -
  so, Gently sleep.

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Dissatisfaction in profession

• During this time his practice was not large nor
  did he seem to make much effort to increase it,
  preferring to devote himself to his translations
  and studies. His position as parish doctor, with
  his translations, supported him and his
  increasing family.
• But he was a sincere man was greatly dissatisfied
  with the vague and unsatisfactory medical
  knowledge of the day.

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• Hufeland

• He also expressed his feelings
• through a letter to Hufeland
• "Letter to a Physician of High Standing on
  the Great Necessity of a Regeneration in
  Medicine.
• He himself says
• I could not conscientiously treat the unknown
  morbid conditions of my suffering brothers by
  these unknown medicines, which being very active
  substances, may (unless applied with the most
  rigorous exactness, which the physician cannot
  exercise, because their peculiar effects have not
  yet been examined) so easily occasion death, or
  produce new affections and chronic maladies,
  often more difficult to remove than the
  original disease.

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• To become, thus the murderer or the tormentor of
  my brother was to me an idea so frightful and
  overwhelming, that soon after my marriage, I
  renounced the practice of medicine, that I might
  no longer incur the risk of doing injury, and I
  engaged exclusively in chemistry, and in literary
  occupations.

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Life at Dresden, 1788- 1789

• Living two years and nine months at Gommern, he
  departed for Dresden in the fall of 1784. During
  this time he was not only busy with translation
  he started working on different medicinal
  substances.
• In 1786, a masterly work on
• Poisoning by Arsenic, Its Treatment and
  judicial Investigation."

Dresden
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Life at leipzig 1789-1792

• But the insatiable thirst for extended knowledge
  still impelled Hahnemann, and in the latter part
  of September, 1789, he removed to Leipsic "in
  order to be nearer to the fountain of science.

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• During that time had
• become so dissatisfied
• with medical methods
• that he preferred to
• devote all his time to
• literary life, continuing
• in the meantime his chemical
• labors and investigations.
• In this time he had discovered very many valuable
  facts in chemistry, had translated several
  scientific books into the German, and had
  given to the world a number of essays on
  important subjects.

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Poverty (1790)Hahnemann at this time was poor
he had a growing family, and nothing to depend
upon.

• "It was in the midst of poverty, in one little
  room which contained his whole family, in a
  corner, separated from the rest of them by a
  curtain, under every discouragement, and with a
  hungry family to maintain by hard drudgery, in
  the intervals of his own investigations, that he
  set himself to his task. Having resigned his
  practice as a medical man, he was compelled to
  earn a living by translating for the booksellers,
  and had, to enable him to continue his
  investigations, adopted the plan of sitting up
  the whole of every other night."

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Important translations

• Mercurial fever this book was written at
  Dresden, in 1788, and was published at Leipzig,
  in 1789.
• In 1790 he published a translation from the
  English "Ryan on Diseases of the Lungs,
• And the same year, from the Italian "Fabbroni
  on the Art of Making Wine on Rational
  Principles," adding, as was his custom, many
  notes.
• 1791, he translated Grigg's " Advice to the
  Female Sex,

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Original works

• He, also, during this year, wrote original
  articles for Crell's Annalen on
• " The Insolubility of Metals,"
• " Best Means of Preventing Salivation
• the Destructive Effects of Mercury
• " Chemico-Pharmaceutical Materia Medica,"
  also mentions the Cortex Peruvianis etc.

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The best translation in his life1790

• The translation of a very important book, from
  which must be dated the discovery of the Law of
  the Similars Cullen's " Materia Medica."

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• Dr. Cullen was an authority on the subject of the
  Materia Medica of his day, an experienced
  lecturer, a talented chemist, and a brilliant and
  popular teacher in Edinburgh.
• Cullen published the first edition of this book,
  in London, in 1773.Another edition was issued in
  1789 in two volumes, and it was this edition that
  Hahnemann used in translation.
• (Cullen died in 1790).

Dr. Cullen
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• In this book, Volume II, Cullen devotes about
  twenty pages to Cortex Peruvianis (Peruvian
  Bark), giving its therapeutical uses in the
  treatment of intermittent and remit tent fevers,
  advises its use to prevent the chill, and gives
  minute directions for the safest period of the
  disease in which
• to use it.
• Hahnemann was impressed with the use of this
  drug, with which he as a physician had before
  been familiar.

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Life as vagabond starts
He was driven from one place to other in Germany
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• In 1792 he went to Georgenthal, in the
  Principality of Gotha, to take charge of an
  asylum for the insane.
• Same year Hahnemann published an article the
  first part of the Friend to Health.
• 1793, the middle of May,he left Gorgenthal going
  from there to Molschleben, a small village near
  Gotha.
• "While living in the village of Molschleben, he
  cured many cases of milk crust,with the help of
  dry Hepar sulphuris powder and warm water.
• 1794 he went first to Pyrmont, a little
  watering-place in Westphalia, and thereafter to
  Brunswick

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• Konigslutter -- 1795 -1799
• In Konigslutter, he wrote the second
• part of the Friend to Health.
• 1796 the discovery was to light in his essay
  titled
• Essay on a New Principle for Ascertaining the
  Curative Powers of Drugs.
• 1796 He put forward his new doctrine, Similia
  Similibus Curantur, (like cures like).

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• In 1797 he used Verat-alb for colic
• and Nux vom for asthma.
• The summer of 1799, in Konigslutter, an
  epidemic of scarlet fever occurred, during which
  Hahnemann discovered the great value of
  Belladonna as a prophylactic against this serious
  disease. Best work in his life but
• Had to face lots of problems.

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• Enmity of Konigslutter physicians
• "And the physicians of Konigslutter incited the
  apothecaries to bring an action against him. for
  interfering with them in dispensing his own
  medicines. He appealed to the letter of the law
  regulating the business of the apothecary, and
  argued that they had the sole privilege of
  compounding medicines, but that any man,
  especially any medical man, had a right to either
  give or sell uncompounded drugs, which were the
  only things he employed, and which he also
  administered gratuitously.
• But it was in vain, and Hahnemann, a past master
  of pharmaceutical art, was forbidden to dispense
  his simple medicines." (Dudgeon's Biography,
  1852.)

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Departure from Konigslutter to Hamburg

• Due to enmity with Konigslutter physicians, in
  the autumn of 1799, with his family, he departed
  from this ungrateful city to Hamburg
• Dudgeon says (Biography of Hahnemann, 1852) "He
  purchased a large carriage, in which he packed
  all his property and family, and with a heavy
  heart bade adieu to Konigslutter, where fortune
  had at length begun to smile upon him, and where
  he found leisure and opportunity to prosecute his
  interesting discoveries.
• Many of the inhabitants, whose health he had been
  instrumental in restoring, or whose lives he had
  even saved by the discoveries of his genius
  during that fatal epidemic of scarlet fever.
• And thus he journeyed on with all his earthly
  possessions, and with all his family beside him.

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A dreadful accident in his life

• A dreadful accident befell the melancholy
  cortege. Descending a precipitous part of the
  road the wagon was overturned, the driver thrown
  from his seat, his infant son so injured that he
  died shortly afterwards, and the leg of one of
  his daughters was fractured.
• He himself was considerably bruised, and his
  property much damaged by falling into a stream
  that ran at the bottom of the road. With the
  assistance of some peasants they were conveyed to
  the nearest village (Muhlhausen), where he was
  forced to remain upwards of six weeks on his
  daughters account, at an expense that greatly
  lightened his not very well filled purse."
• It would seem that after the accident Hahnemann
  settled first in Altona, as he dates a letter
  from that place on November 9th, 1799, while the
  letters dated from Hamburg occur in the year
  1800.

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• Hamburg.
• In 1801 he published in Hufelands journal some
  observations on Browns Elements of Medicine
• 1802, when he went to the little town of Mollen,
  from Hamburg.
• From thence he went to Machern, a small village
  about four leagues from Leipzig. He was very poor
  during this period of his life.

Hufeland
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• From Machern Hahnemann went to Wittenberg,
  departing soon after for Dessau.
• "Coffee and Its Effects," published in Leipsic,
  1803..
• He was settled at Torgau in June,1805.
• He remained at Torgau until 1811, then he went to
  Leipsic

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Life at Torgau

• "Medicine of Experience," 1805 .
• 1805. First collection of provings
• "Fragmenta de viribus medicamentorum, positivis
  sive in sano corpore humano observatis,"
• Part 1. contains the symptoms arranged carefully.
  Part 2 is the Index, or Repertory. He gives the
  symptoms produced by drugs on the healthy.

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• The remedies given are 27 drugs
• Aconitum napellus Acris tinctura (Hahnemann's
  Causticum) Arnica montana Atropa belladonna
  Laurus camphora Lytta vesicatoria (Cantharis)
  Capsicum annuum Chamomilla matricaria
  Cinchona officinalis et regia Cocculus
  menispermum Copaifera balsamum Cuprum
  vitriolatum, Digitalis purpurea Drosera
  rotundifolia Hyoscyamus niger Ignatia amara
  Ipecacuanha Ledum palustre Helleborus niger
  Daphne mezereum Strychnos nux vomica I.
  Papaver somniferum (Opium) Anemone pratensis
  (Pulsatilla) Rheum Datura Stramonium
  Valeriana officinalis Veratrum album.
• 1805 he published an important pamphlet called "
  Aesculapius in the Balance.
• "Von Hallers Materia Medica," translated in
  1806, this was the last of Hahnemanns
  translations.

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• During his residence at Torgau that Hahnemann
  gave to the world his great book.
• Organon der Rationellen Heilkunde," or "Organon
  of Rational Healing.
• It was published in Dresden, by Arnold, in 1810.

1811, when Hahnemann gave to the world the
first volume of the Materia Medica Pura or
"Reine Arzneimittellehre and move to Leipzig.
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• Leipzig -1812 to 1821,
• On the 26th of June, 1812, Hahnemann presented a
  Latin thesis, entitled, A Medical Historical
  Dissertation on the Helleborism of the Ancients."
  
• He decided to open here in Leipzig, at the
  beginning of April, an Institute for Graduate
  Physicians.
• Along with Hahnemann
• Dr. Hartmann was also
• teaching to the old
• and young
• physician.

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Life at kothen
1821moves to Kothen

• The house in Köthen, being nowadays the Museum of
  Hahnemann, where he lived from 1821 to 1835, when
  he moved to Paris after got married with Mélanie.

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• His last great work Chronic diseases their
  peculiar nature and their Homoeopathic cure,
  published in Dresden in 1828.
• 10th August, 1829, a large concourse of his
  disciples and admirers assembled at Coethen, for
  the purpose of celebrating the fiftieth
  anniversary of his reception of the Doctors
  degree,

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• The same day Hahnemann solemnly found the first
  Homeopathic Society., under the name of the
  "Central Society of German Homoeopathists," .
• 1830, He denies Vis Medica Matrix Nature.
• Great success in homoeopathic treatment by
  treating Dr Julias agedi
• In 1830 Hahnemann lost his wife, the mother of
  his numerous family, and the sharer of all the
  vicissitudes of his eventful life.

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Life at Paris

• In 1835 Mille Melanie, 35 years old, d Hervilly
  came to Coethen, succeeded in captivating
  Hahnemann, them in his eightieth year.
• By the charms of her youth and beauty, and
  carried him off in triumph to Paris in the same
  year.
• The life in Paris was very happy and smooth

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• 1836 was memorable by reason of presentation by
  the French homoeopathic Physicians of a medal to
  Hahnemann.
• Hahnemann survived his migration to Paris eight
  years and died there full of honour, at the age
  of eighty nine, on the 2nd July, 1843.

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HIS MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
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• Cure and prevention of scarlet fever, 1801.
• Medicine of Experience, 1805.
• Organon of Medicine, and its different edition,
• 1810-1842
• Materia Medica Pura, and its different
  edition, 1811-1833.
• Chronic diseases, 1828-1838.

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The fundamental principles

• Law of Similia
• Law of Simplex
• Law of Minimum Dose
• Doctrine of Drug Proving
• Theory of Chonic Disease
• Theory of Vital Force
• Doctrine of Drug Dynamization

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Passing on the Baton

• After the demise of Hahnemann, the spark that he
  left, took the form of a volcano and Homoeopathy
  spread far and near across the globe with the
  help of his disciples.

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Disciples
Stapf consulted Hahnemann about his own child.
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• Hahnemanns students

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Dr Adam met Hahnemann In 1823 soon after
Introduced homoeopathy In Russia.
Dr F. F. Quin visited him In 1821 1827 carried
Homoeopathy in England
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Dr. Samuel Lilianthal, published in the
California Homoeopath, for March, April, May and
June, 1889, under the title " A Catechism of
Samuel Hahnemann's Organon,"
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Arrival of Homoeopathy in India

• Thus in India, the baton was passed on and
  Homoeopathy was accepted through the untiring
  efforts of some aspiring individuals.
• Homoeopathy came India as early as
• in 1810 by some German physicians
• and missionaries in the state
• of West Bengal.

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Arrival of HomoeopathyIn India
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• 1815 -John Martin Honingberger was the first
  person who recognized to have brought
  homoeopathy and the name of Hahnemann to India.
  His 1st patient was adopted son of General Allard
  at Lahore. He treated cured many soldiers who
  had been bitten by a mad jackal. He met Hahnemann
  in 1835.
• At this juncture there are a number of well known
  enthusiasts like Samuel Brooking, Dr. Cooper and
  Dr. J. Ruther, Mr. H. Ryper, Capt. May,
  C.J.Tonnere etc

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• Late Babu Rajendra Lal Datta, a layman truly laid
  the foundation of homoeopathy and started
  practice with astonishing results.
• He was able to convert his opponents like Dr.
  Mahendra Lal Sirkar.

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• 1880, Homoeopathic Poor Dispensary
• started by Fr. Muller in Mangalore.
• 1885, Foundation of Calcutta
  Homoeopathic Medical College.
• 1944, All India institute of homoeopathy
• in Delhi
• Homoeopathic enquiry committee
• 1962,Homoeopathic pharmacopoeia committee
• 1963 homoeopathic system of medicine, West bengal
• In 1973, homoeopathy was recognized by the
  Central Govt. of India.

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• In 1978, Central Council for Research in
  Homoeopathy was established.
• In 1983, a uniform education in homoeopathy at
  diploma and graduation level was enforced.
• Homoeopathy continued to spread among all the
  states and also most importantly in the well
  known cities in India.

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HOMOEOPATHY

• SOUTH KANARA

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Father Augustus Muller S J

• In the golden pages of the history of mankind,
  Fr. Mullers name shines bright, inspiring men of
  goodwill to works of charity. Fr. Muller landed
  in Mangalore, India on 31st Dec. 1878.

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Father Augustus Muller S J

• He brought with him a small chest of homoeopathic
  medicine from Catellan, a homoeopathic firm in
  Paris, which he effectively used to treat
  students, their relatives and common people.

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In the Year 1880, he started a regular dispensary
offering free medicines and consultation at
kankanady hills, which was known as Homoeopathic
Poor Dispensary
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Father Augustus Muller S J
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• Fr. Muller did not stop with the dispensary but
  continued ahead with the establishment of Saint
  Josephs Leprosy
  Hospital Asylam in 1890
• In 1895, Fr. Muller started
  General Hospital
  which will be
  always remember as a memorable
  contribution
• The Govt. of India recognised the humanitarian
  work rendered by Fr. Muller and awarded him
  Kaiser-e-Hind in 1907.

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Father Augustus Muller S J

• The homoeopathic dispensary started by Fr.
  Muller in 1880 has now taken the form of a mighty
  institution offering under graduate and post
  graduate medical education, training and research.

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Father Augustus Muller S J

• His attempts were not futile but served as a
  source of inspiration for young, vibrant, dynamic
  homoeopaths in the south kanara district of
  Karnataka.
• After Fr. Muller homoeopaths of south kanara
  district felt an urgent need to organize and
  unite all homoeopaths to popularise and promote
  homoeopathy among the common man.

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Objectives
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Objectives

• Study Homoeopathy
• Learn Homoeopathy
• Practice Homoeopathy
• Be a true homoeopath
• Live as a homoeopath
• Die as homoeopath

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Thank you