Title: IPMAHR Annual Conference
1IPMA-HR Annual Conference
- Pay For Performance
- Jim Fox, PhD, IPMA-CP
- Bruce Lawson, CCP, IPMA-CP
- Gary OBannon, IPMA-CP
- Tom Briggs, IPMA-CP
- Michael Kitchen, IPMA-CP
- October 11, 2006
2PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
- Pay Philosophy
- Merit Pay
- Performance Evaluation
- The Kansas City Experience
- Questions and Discussion
3WHY PEOPLE WORK
- People work for rewards -monetary and other
- Rewards must be internally equitable and
externally competitive
4PAY PHILOSOPHY
- Base Pay
- Pay Progression
- Variable Pay
5BASE PAY
- Purpose
- To provide Employees with compensation that
reflects the fundamental value of the job to the
organization.
6BASE PAY QUESTIONS
- What pay level do you target as your level of
competitiveness with the market? Do you lead,
lag, or match the market? - Do you manage pay around an established job rate
or market guide? - Is base pay maintained with automatic increases
for market value, cost-of-living, or a
combination?
7PAY PROGRESSION QUESTIONS
- Does the current pay system reward employees for
performance, longevity, or a combination of both? - Does the City consider productivity, new skills,
or knowledge acquired in determining additions to
base pay? - Does the current pay system include base building
rewards for both individual and team performance? - How are salaries treated for employees that have
reached the maximum of the pay range?
8VARIABLE PAY QUESTIONS
- Do you offer short and long-term incentives in
addition to base pay? - Do you offer non-base building cash incentives?
- Do you offer employees non-cash recognition
programs?
9MERIT PAY
- Purpose
- Align performance with business objectives.
- Recognize and reward top performers.
- Achieve higher levels of individual, team, and
organizational performance.
10MERIT PAY
- Trends
- Strategic Focus
- Changing Values
- Pay Delivery
11STRATEGIC FOCUS
- Alignment of compensation with the goals and
objectives of the organization. - Creating ownership value.
- Flatter organizational structures focus on
performance of the whole, not just its parts. - Establishing higher standards for performance and
rewards. - Clearly defined goals.
- Differentiation in pay based on performance.
- Management discretion and accountability.
12CHANGING VALUES
- Public sector movement away from automatic,
entitlement pay. - Pay for job skills and qualifications flexible
hiring practices. - Management desire to recognize and reward
outstanding performers. - Organizational demographics.
- Shorter term employees loyalty to career, not
the organization. - Aging workforce and decreasing talent pool.
- Entry-level work skills and experience.
13PAY DELIVERY
- Considerations
- Mix of reward vs. entitlement pay.
- Base pay and salary structure(s).
- Individual vs. team/group incentives.
- Performance measurement.
- Plan administration and management.
- Employee perceptions.
14PAY DELIVERY
Merit Pay
General Increase
Base Pay
Progression Steps
Skill-Based Pay
Individual Salary
Other
Gain Sharing
Goal Sharing
Variable Pay
Skill-Based Pay
Also called Incentive Pay Alternative Pay
Recognition/Achievement
Bonus Plans
Pay for performance-type plans
Source Seminar PS201, New Strategies
Applications for Public Sector Compensation,
WorldatWork/IPMA, 2000.
15REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESS
- Budgeting Strategies
- Management Commitment
- Communication
- Training
16BUDGETING STRATEGIES
- Zero-based vs. fixed budgets.
- Eliminate automatic pay increases.
- Flexibility appropriate to business needs.
- Funding meaningful rewards to distinguish levels
of performance. - Budgeting market vs. actual salaries - managing
pay around a market control point. - Alternative rewards.
- Non-cash incentives.
- Lump-sum bonuses.
17COMMITMENT
- Alignment of business goals, performance
measures, communication and feedback, and rewards
for performance. - Developing the performance appraisal process.
- Organization wide objectives.
- Common criteria and standards for measuring
employee performance. - Review and revision of performance appraisal
process to ensure consistent outcomes and
performance improvements.
18COMMUNICATION
- Performance management is an on-going process,
not a one-time event. - Requires clear definitions of goals and
expectations. - Linking measurements to rewards and consequences
requires consistency and follow-through. - On-going communication and feedback.
19TRAINING
- A successful performance management system takes
time - A clear understanding of business objectives as
they relate to employee performance - Ability to set goals and measure achievement
- A review of measures to assure reliability and
appropriate balance of all objectives - Training, training, and more training.
20PAY SYSTEM DESIGN
- Examples
- Alternative reward approaches.
- Broad banding
- Skill based pay
- Individual incentives
- Group based incentives
21BROAD BANDING
Advantages
- Flatter organizational structure collapses
multiple salary ranges into fewer broad bands. - Wider ranges supports recognition of different
levels of employee contributions. - Greater flexibility in employee resources to meet
organizational goals encourages broadening of
skills. - Less focus on titles and grades supports team
approach. - Greater responsibility of managers to manage
compensation.
22BROAD BANDING
Disadvantages
- Less traditional cost control measures.
- Elimination of control points (midpoints).
- Higher salary range maximums.
- More responsibility for administration by Human
Resources and management. - Requires effective communication/education of the
system relative to individual pay. - Doesnt work if current incentives and benefits
are tied to pay grade. - Requires new job evaluation and market
orientation.
23SKILL BASED PAY
Advantages
- Pay is directly related to definable and
measurable skills acquired and applied in the
work setting. - Individually based pay vs. job based pay.
- Encourages skill and career development.
- Encourages cross training and creates staffing
flexibility. - Reinforces teamwork and employee involvement.
- Higher output and quality over the long-term.
24SKILL BASED PAY
Disadvantages
- Skill blocks can be difficult to define and
price. - Best for trades jobs, can be effective for public
safety jobs. - May result in paying for skills not used.
- Requires established certification process.
- Requires time and money for training.
- More employees can top out.
- Greater administrative complexities.
25GROUP BASED INCENTIVES
Advantages
- Encourages employees and management to work
together in solving problems of cost, quality,
and efficiency. - Rewards documented improvements.
- Emphasis on teamwork and employee involvement.
- Encourages higher productivity and quality.
- Lower staffing levels needed.
- Measures of improvement can be financial,
operational or a combination.
26GROUP BASED INCENTIVES
Disadvantages
- Difficulty in setting measurable objectives.
- Rewards may not be large enough to motivate
change in behavior. - Public distrust of pay for improvements.
- Bonus formulas can be overly complex.
- Requires significant time to set up.
- Requires good baseline performance measures.
27INDIVIDUAL INCENTIVES
Advantages
- Emphasis is on individual performance or
contribution. - Consistent with historical values of pay and
performance. - Includes a variety of recognition programs.
- Relatively easy to install.
- Can establish clear measures for success.
- Top performance can be distinguished from regular
duties. - Encourages on-going communication and feedback.
28INDIVIDUAL INCENTIVES
Disadvantages
- Difficult to set measurable performance criteria
for many jobs. - Encourages individual performance at expense of
group. - May be perceived as unfair because of subjective
nature. - Fails if managers do not distinguish between
different levels of performance. - Fails if organization does not allocate funds for
meaningful rewards. - Administrative systems must be monitored.
29THE CITY OF KANSAS CITYSVariable Pay Plan
30Variable Pay Plan
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Pre-Negotiations
Negotiating the Variable Pay Plan
Implementation of the Variable Pay Plan
Challenges and Lessons Learned
31PHASE I Pre-Negotiations
- Began laying the ground work during previous
(2003/04) negotiations - Previous MOU (2003/04) included a provision
acknowledging the parties intent to move to a P4P
system.
32PHASE I Pre-Negotiations
- 2003-2005 Agreement included a provision which
- Stated that the parties would begin separate VPP
negotiations.
33PHASE I Pre-Negotiations
- 2003-2005 Agreement included a provision which
- Outlined the basic structure of plan
- Combination of longevity and performance
increases added to employees base pay.
34PHASE I Pre-Negotiations
- 2003-2005 Agreement included a provision which
- Basic structure of plan
- Incentives for attainment/demonstration of KSC
- Gain-sharing
35PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Reviewed previously agreed upon VPP language.
- Select members of both negotiating teams attended
a Gain-Sharing Conference sponsored by AFSCME.
36PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Searched for Low Hanging Fruit and common areas
of agreement. - Avoided discussing monetary increases.
37PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Searched for Low Hanging Fruit and common areas
of agreement. - Both sides desired a system that would
- Reward high achievers.
- Reward employees who attain/demonstrate valued
knowledge, skills and competencies
38PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Both sides desired a system that would
- Encourage and reward employee input.
- Allow employees to share in savings/increased
revenue resulting from employee input
39PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Hurdles
- What to call the new system (Variable Pay vs. Pay
for Performance) - Areas to be included in incentive plan
- Standards
40PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Hurdles
- Based pay increases vs. one-time payments
- Amount of base pay increases
- Amount of cash incentives
41PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Hurdles
- Unions concern regarding pay systems utilized
for other bargaining units and employee groups - Fairness
- VPP Incentive period
42PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Increases
- Provided Union with financial information
- Had budget Officer attend a negotiation session
to discuss financial picture and answer questions - Failure to reach agreement could result in loss
of positions
43PHASE II Negotiating the Plan
- Increases
- Submitted offer that would allow outstanding
employees to attain previous merit increase
amount - Had budget Officer attend a negotiation session
to discuss financial picture and answer questions - Failure to reach agreement could result in loss
of positions
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46PHASE III Implementing the Agreement
- Communication/Training to managers/supervisors
- Communication to Front-line employees
47PHASE III Implementing the Agreement
- Traditional classroom type training
- Posted training on intranet
- Developed Supervisory guide book with handout
materials
48PHASE III Implementing the Agreement
- Traditional classroom type training
- Posted training on intranet
- Developed Supervisory guide book with handout
materials
49PHASE IV Lessons Learned
- Plan Ahead
- Look for Ways to give Union a perceived win
- Keep elected Officials informed
50PHASE IV Lessons Learned
- Control Information
- Be Flexible but Firm
- Identify Champions of your Goals (Management
Union)
51Kansas City, MissouriMarket Adjustments Job
Banding
- (Hourly L M-Class Employees excluding
firefighting positions)
52History
- A Resolution was passed by the City Council in
the Fall of 2004 - Directed the City Manager to position salaries
competitive within the relevant market - Expected results
- increase the Citys ability to compete in the
market - attract
- retain employees
53Methodology
- Spring of 2005, established subcommittee, which
included representation by AFSCME Local 500
leadership - Prepared a RFP to gather survey and market data,
hired Fox Lawson and Associates - Agreed on what would constitute the survey
market 37 public/private agencies responded - Results showed that City job classes were an
average of 14.6 below the market minimum - Joint recommendation was to apply this to the
majority of the hourly job classifications
54Phase 1Effective September 3, 2006
- Increased the minimum salaries for the majority
of the hourly job classifications by a minimum of
14.6 - Average percentage below surveyed market (37
organizations participated in the survey prepared
by Fox Lawson Associates)
55New Minimums Based on Market Adjustments
56Effect of Market Adjustments on Incumbent
Employees
- All hourly employees currently below the new
minimum salaries moved to the new minimum of
their respective pay range on September 3, 2006 - Impact ranges from 16 to 624 per month
- Employees that move to the new minimum salary,
but received less than a 2 base increase, will
receive an additional increase bringing their
total increase up to 2 - Therefore, the minimum impact for all affected
employees will be a 2 base increase in addition
to any other due increases.
57Market Adjustments Impact on Pay Anniversary
Dates
- New pay anniversary dates were established for
those employees that moved to the new minimum and
received at least a 2 increase - Pay anniversary dates for others will remained
the same - This process will mitigate the ability of a
lesser tenured employee from leap-frogging a
more senior incumbent
58Examples of Job Banding
- Current Title New Title
- Equipment Operator I
- Equipment Operator II Equipment Operator
- Equipment Operator III Senior Equip Operator
- Accounting Clerk I
- Accounting Clerk II Accounting Clerk
- Accounting Clerk III Senior Account
Clerk
59Examples continued
- Current Title New Title
- Maintenance Worker I
- Maintenance Worker II Maintenance Worker
- Maintenance Repairer I
- Maintenance Repairer II Maintenance Repairer
60 Impact of on Minimum Qualifications
- The Minimum Qualifications for the banded jobs
will be the lower minimum qualifications. - Examples
- Banded job Revised MQs
- Accounting Clerk I
- Accounting Clerk II (former) Accounting Clerk I
- Equipment Operator I
- Equipment Operator II (former) Equipment Operator
I
61Impact on Incumbents
- Example 1
- Current Equipment Operator I making 1,800 per
month - will now be an Equipment Operator
- Make a new salary of 2,244 per month and
- Will have a new pay anniversary date.
- Example 2
- Current Equipment Operator III making 2,200 per
month - Will now be a Senior Equipment Operator
- Make a new salary of 2,355 per month and
- Will have a new pay anniversary date.
62Impact on Incumbents
- Example 3
- Current Equipment Operator III making 3,300 per
month - Will now be a Senior Equipment Operator
- Make a new salary of 3,366 per month and
- Will not have a new anniversary date
63Phase II IIIMarket Adjustments
- Phase 2 - May 2007
- Increase the majority of the hourly job
classifications maximum salaries by 5.4. - Phase 3 - Fall 2007
- Re-survey hourly positions and make additional
market adjustments as necessary.
64Part IBase Pay Compensation
- A. Performance Appraisal Increases
- B. Variable Base Pay Incentive Awards
65Merit Increases
- Based on attaining an overall rating mark of
Meets Expectations - Paid as merit increase
- Pay anniversary date remains the same
66Variable Base Pay Incentive Awards
- Award Period
- December 1 to November 30
- First award period will begin February 1, 2006
through November 30, 2006.
67Variable Base Pay Incentive Awards
- Sick Leave
- Safety/Customer
- Service
- CrossTraining
- Citizen Satisfaction
- Exceeds Expectations
68Variable Base Pay Incentive Awards
- Must Meet Expectations overall to be eligible
for additional incentives to the base. - A Meets Expectation in any trait does not
guarantee the receipt of an incentive award.
69Sick Leave Incentive
- Eligible if use 41 hours or less of scheduled or
unscheduled sick leave - Employees who work significant amounts of
overtime are entitled to use more sick leave
(Appendix SL in MOU)
70- Sick Leave Incentive 41 hours
- OT Hours Addl S/L Total S/L
- 160-319 4 45
- 319.1-479 8 49
- 479.1-639 12 53
- 639.1-799 16 57
- 799 20 61
71- Exception
- Sick Leave used as part of approved FML absences
72- Example 1
- An employee who used 25 hours of sick leave and
- 16 hours of excused dock and 20 hours of
- emergency vacation leave received a rating mark
- of Meets Expectations in Attendance and Overall.
-
- Is the employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
73- Example 2
- An employee who used 25 hours of sick leave and
- 40 hours of unexcused dock and received a rating
- mark of Fails to Meets Expectations in
Attendance. -
- Is the employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
74Safety Incentive
- Employee is eligible for Safety Incentive award
if - In a position designated as Safety Incentive
Eligible by HR - Had no Safe Work Practice Violations
- Had no preventable vehicular or non-vehicular
accidents - Had no incidents of failing to report accidents
and injuries immediately in accordance with
Safety Handbook
75Safety Incentive
- Example 1
- The employee
- Was in a Safety Incentive Position (SIP)
- Received a Meets Expectations in Safety,
- Had no preventable accidents,
- Was cited for failing to wear proper safety shoes
- Is the employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
76Safety Incentive
- Example 2
- The employee
- Was in a SIP
- Received a Meets Expectations in Safety and
Overall, - Had one accident that was ruled non-preventable,
and - Had no safe work practice violations.
- Is the employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
77Customer Service Incentive
- Eligible if
- Not in a Safety Incentive Position
- Received a rating mark of Exceeds Expectations
in Customer Service trait - (Non-Exempt rating form to be revised to CS)
- Had no substantiated complaints during the award
period - Had no discipline or written counseling regarding
customer service performance during the award
period
78Customer Service Incentive
- Example 1
- The employee
- Is in a non-SIP position
- Received a rating mark of Meets Expectations in
the CS trait - Had no substantiated complaints.
- Has received no discipline or counseling for
customer service performance - Is employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
-
79Cross-Training Incentive
- Eligible if
- Demonstrates ability to perform regular job
duties of at least one other position/assignment
of an equal or higher level in a proficient
manner - Performs those duties when requested
-
- Note Employees must meet the MQs of the
position in which they are cross-trained to
perform.
80Cross-Training Incentive
- Each employee must be offered at least one cross
training opportunity - Training may be formal or informal
- Previous cross-training experience may qualify
- Length of training should be of reasonable
duration - Remain eligible in subsequent years if remain
proficient and performs duties when requested
81Cross Training Incentive
- Example 1
- The employee
- Is a Maintenance Worker II
- Received a Meets Expectations in all traits
- Meets the MQs of an Equipment Operator II
- Is able to perform the duties normally performed
by an Equipment Operator II, and - Does so when requested.
- Is the employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
82Cross Training Incentive
- Example 2
- The employee
- Is an Adm. Assistant I
- Received an overall rating of Exceeds
Expectations on their annual review - Relieves CSRs and IPs during lunch break periods
and other absences. - Is employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
-
83Citizen Satisfaction Incentive
- Eligible if
- Increase of 3 or more in the Overall Quality of
Customer Service trait in the City Auditors
Offices Annual City Services Performance Report - All eligible employees will receive this award
if met.
84Base Pay Incentive Award
- Exceeds Expectations
- Awarded to employees who meet at least three of
the four incentives. - Sick Leave
- Safety/Customer Service
- Cross Training
- Citizen Satisfaction
85Part II
86Cash Incentives
- Education Recognition
- Workers Compensation Reduction AFSCME Only
- Department Approved Certifications
87Education Incentive
- Eligible if
- Overall performance appraisal rating of at least
Meets Expectations - Possess educational level beyond that which is
required for their position - Degree is reasonably related to their position or
enhances promotability
88Education Incentive
- Incentive is paid monthly
- Monthly Education Incentive Award begins May 1,
2006. - Awards paid during first pay period for previous
month - Not included in employees base pay
89Monthly Educational Award
- H.S. Diploma/State-
- issued GED
- 25
- AA Degree
- 50
- BA/BS Degree
- 100
- Masters Degree
- 150
- Employees who possess a diploma/degree while in a
job class that does not require a diploma/degree,
or does not allow for the substitution of a
diploma/degree may receive -
90Education Award
- Example 1
- The employee
- Works in a position that requires a Bachelors
Degree - Has a Masters Degree in a related field
- Is employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
91Education Award
- Example 2
- The employee
- Works in a position that requires a Bachelors
Degree or an equivalent combination of education
and experience - Has a Bachelors degree
- Is employee eligible?
- Yes or No?
92Cash Awards
- Workers Compensation
- AFSCME Group Award
93Reduction in Workers Compensation Costs
- Eligible if
- Worked for City continuously for at least 1 year
prior to end of award period. - Received a rating of Meets Expectations in
Safety on last performance appraisal
- No preventable vehicular or non-vehicular
accidents - No Safe Work Practice violations
- Not found to have failed to report an
accident/injury
94Reduction in Workers Compensation Costs
- City shares each 20 reduction with eligible
bargaining unit employees - Reduced expenses split 50/50 between City and
eligible employees - Divided equally among all eligible employees
95Department Approved Certifications, Licenses and
Registrations
- Eligible If
- Possesses certifications, licenses and/or
registrations not required for their position - Deemed beneficial to their position by the
Department
96Department Approved Certifications, Licenses and
Registrations
- Awarded at the employees annual performance
appraisal - Remains eligible each year as long as
certification, license or registration is
maintained and deemed relevant - Note Appendix C2 in MOU lists currently
approved certifications
97Department Approved Certifications, Licenses and
Registrations
- Eligible
-
- Position Certification
- Fleet Maint. Tech. ASE Certifications
- Maint. Mechanic Certified Electrician
- CSR MARC CS Certification
- Secretary Adm. Professional Cert.
98Department Approved Certifications, Licenses and
Registrations
- Not Eligible
- Position Certification
- EO III Class A CDL
- Public Health Nurse First Aid Cert.
- Plant Operator II Level C Water Cert.
-
99Overview of Compensation Plan
- Year One
- May 1, 2005 through April 30, 2006
100Base Increases- 1st Year
- Not at Top of Range
- First Year3.25 paid out on pay anniversary date
- At Top of Range
- First Year 2.5 paid out on pay anniversary
date - or
- One time cash bonus of 1750.00
101Overview of Base Compensation Plan
- Year Two Three
- May 1, 2006 through April 30, 2008
102Employees Not at the Top of Their Pay Range
Years 2 3 May 1, 2006-April 30, 2008
103Base Increase
- Not at Top of Range
- Second third year 2.25 plus any earned
incentives
104Employees at the Top of Their Pay Range 2nd
Year of the AgreementMay 1, 2006-April 30, 2007
Note No additional increase for meeting at least
3 of the incentives or exceeds expectations
105Employees at the Top of Their Pay Range 3rd
Year of the AgreementMay 1, 2007-April 30, 2008
- Note No additional increase for meeting at least
3 of the incentives or exceeds expectations - These increases will not increase the maximum of
the pay range.
106YEAR 2 REVIEW PERIODS
- Year 2 Performance Appraisal
- May 1, 2006-April 30, 2007
- Paid on anniversary date
- Year 2 Variable Pay Incentives
- February 1, 2006-November 30, 2006
- Paid in January 07
- (Pay anniversary dates between May and December
06)
107YEAR 3 REVIEW PERIODS
- Year 3 Performance Appraisal
- May 1, 2007-April 30, 2008
- Paid on anniversary date
- Year 3 Variable Pay Incentives
- December 1, 2006-November 30, 2007
- Paid in January 08
- (Pay anniversary dates between May and December
07)
108Example
- An Employee who is not in a SIP, has pay
anniversary date of Feb 1. The employee met the
requirements for Sick Leave, and Customer
Service. However, the Cross-training and Citizen
Satisfaction goal is not met. - Employee receives no increase in January 2007.
- Employee is entitled to receive a base pay
increase on anniversary date of 3.08. (2.25
.50 .33 3.08) - Note Employee does not receive .25 Exceeds
Expectations bonus.
109Example
- An Employee who is in a SIP, has pay anniversary
- date of Nov. 15. The Employee met all of the
- requirements for the Sick Leave, Safety and Cross
- training.
- Employee receives base pay increase of 2.25 on
anniversary date. - Employee also receives incentive base pay
increase of 1.54. (.50.33.46.251.54)
received 1st pay period in January. - Total increase 3.79
110Example
- Employee in SIP at the top of his pay range
during the 2nd year meets the Sick Leave, Safety
and CrossTraining incentives. (Anniversary Date
June 1) - Employee entitled to receive a base pay merit
increase of 1.0 on anniversary date - Employee receives incentive pay increase of 1.3-
- (.50.40.401.3) in 1st pay period in January
- Merit Incentive 2.3
- Note Employees at top of pay range are not
entitled to receive bonus for Exceeds
Expectations.
111Example
- Employee in SIP at top of her pay range during
3rd year meets all incentives including Citizen
Satisfaction. (April 1 anniversary date). - Employee is entitled to receive a merit base pay
increase of 1.0 on anniversary date - Employee is entitled to receive a variable pay
increase of 1.96. (.50.50.50.46) - Merit Incentive 2.96 received on anniversary
date
112Documentation/Tracking
- Tracking for annual incentives starts February 1,
2006 and ends Nov. 30, 2006. - Departments must report to HR which incentives
employees met by December 8, 2006.
113Supervisors Need to
- Set annual performance goals for Meets
Expectations for all traits and Exceeds for
Customer Service - Tell employees to submit documentation of
education levels to HR Consultants/Liaisons for
entry into PeopleSoft
- Document cross training, including
- Who was trained
- What training included
- When training was held
- Who was asked to perform tasks for which they
were cross-trained employees response.
114Supervisors Need to
- Document incidents of
- Safe Workplace Violations
- Preventable Accidents
- Failure to report accidents or injuries
- Track OT hours
- Document Customer Service Complaints
- What was the complaint
- How was it investigated and substantiated (or
not)
115DocumentationLicenses, Certificates
Registrations
- Departments should
- Compile a list of relevant licenses, certificates
and registrations - HR will
- Compile a list of standardized award amounts for
various licenses, certificates and registrations
(i.e. CDL, CPR/First Aid)
116Questions?