Renewable Energy Technologies

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Renewable Energy Technologies

• NC Dept. of Revenue
• Tax Seminars - August 31, 2009
• Bob Leker
• Renewables Program Manager
• State Energy Office

Acknowledgement staff at the NC Solar Center
developed some of the slides in this presentation.
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State Energy Office

• Created in 1973 by the Arab Oil Embargo
• Lead State Agency for Energy with a focus on
• Energy Efficiency
• Renewable Energy
• Alternative Fuels
• Energy Emergency Response
• Funding State Appropriations, U.S. DOE,
  Federal Stimulus Funds
• Commerce Department

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Policies Driving RE Investment

• NC REPS
• NC Utility requirements for EE RE spawned new
  NC RE Utility programs
• Federal Energy Stimulus
• Enhanced federal incentives, NC for energy
  programs
• NC GreenPower
• Voluntary green power program

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Solar Hot Water

• New Solar Hot Water Systems are improved from
  older systems
• Better equipment and controls
• Better installation and maintenance
• 5-10 year warranties, 20 year expected life
• A typical solar DHW system is sized to provide
  50 to 80 of the annual hot water heating load.
• Paybacks are determined by climate and local
  energy prices and use. Typical in NC for a family
  of four, 5-15 years.

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System Components

• Collector
• Storage
• Controls
• Heat Exchanger

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Flat Plate Collector
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Evacuated Tube Collector

• Most are Heat pipes
• Can deliver higher temperatures

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Indirect Glycol/antifreeze System

• Pros
• Excellent freeze protection
• Can be PV driven
• Careful sloping of piping not needed
• Cons
• Must inspect/replace glycol periodically
• Antifreeze fluids yield slightly reduced
  performance

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Drainback System

• Pros
• Excellent freeze and over temperature protection
• Low maintenance
• Uses distilled water
• Cons
• Noisier than other types
• Requires larger pump
• Requires sloped piping

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Drainback Example
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Solar Hot Water NC Cost Example

• 7,000 installed system cost
• 35 NC tax credit is 2,100 but 1,400 is capped
  amount
• 30 Federal tax credit is 2,100
• But you must pay federal taxes on NC tax credit
  so (assuming 30 tax bracket) you owe 30 times
  1,400 420 in taxes
• --------------------------------------------------
  -----------------
• Cost of system to you (assumes you will be able
  to take the full federal and state tax credit)
• 7,000 - 1,400 - 2,100 420 3,920 (net
  cost after filing taxes)
• Annual Savings (electric water heating) 175 to
  300

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Photovoltaics (solar electric, PV)

• Converts sunlight into electricity
• Can be used with or without batteries

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Photovoltaic Panels
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Standard Crystalline Silicon PV Modules

• Mono or poly crystalline PV cells
• Glass front with polymer back in aluminum frame
• 12 to 48 Volts
• 60 to 300 Watts/module
• 14 to 22 efficiency
• 4.00/Watt wholesale
• 15W/sq. ft.
• Most come with 25 year manufacturer warranties

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Thin Film PV Modules

• Several technologies in this category
• amorphous silicon (a-Si)
• copper indium diselenide (CIS)
• cadmium telluride (CdTe).
• Most have glass front with
• polymer back in frame
• 8 to 13
• 1.00 to 4.00/Watt wholesale
• 10W/sq. ft.
• Many warranted to 80 production in 20 years

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PV Laminate for Metal Roofing (building
integrated)

• Adheres to 16 metal roofing panels
• 4.00/Watt wholesale (PV only)
• 6 efficient
• 128 Watts per 18 ft section (16 wide)

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PV Shingles (building integrated)

• Integrates with asphalt tab shingles
• 4.50/Watt wholesale
• 24/sq.ft. wholesale
• 6 efficient
• 15 Watts per shingle
• 4000 Watts fit on 750 sq. ft. south roof

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NCSU Solar House

• Built in 1981
• New recycled plastic slate roof
• New 18 efficient 5.4 kW PV system

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Residential PV Systems
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Zero Net Energy Habitat for Humanity Home in
Hickory, NC
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PV System Tax Incentives

• NC has one of the largest solar tax credits in
  the nation
• 35 of full installed cost with a cap of 10,500
• Federal tax credit recently extended through 2016
• 30 of full installed cost with no cap
• Taxpayer owes federal income tax on the NC tax
  credit
• For example
• 3kW PV system turnkey cost of 30,000 ? after tax
  credits 13,440 (assumes you use federal and
  state credits)
• For more details see www.dsireusa.org and
• www.healthybuilthomes.org/docs/Residential_tax_cre
  dit_fact_sheet.pdf

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Landfill Gas Methane Extraction

• Reduce emissions of a potent greenhouse gas
  (methane)
• Convert a waste gas to energy
• Invest in local communities

Not this
This!!
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Energy XchangeYancey-Mitchell County
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Small Hydropower
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Small Hydro Elements
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Anaerobic Digester

• Covered swine lagoon Barham Farms
• Biogas production average 16 MM Btu/day

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Heavy Duty Hybrid Electric

• The electric engine is especially valuable during
  acceleration, when a diesel engine would
  otherwise consume large amounts of fuel.
• Transit - Charlotte Douglas Airport- 2 DesignLine
  buses Hybrid Electric School buses in
  Mecklenburg and Wake Counties
• Utility Trucks will reduce idling emissions from
  use of aerial devices
• Duke Power- 2 bucket trucks
• Progress Energy- 1 plug in hybrid truck with
  aerial device

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Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEV)

• NEVs have electric motors and batteries that are
  recharged by plugging into 110 volt outlets
• NEVs are street legal and can be driven on
  public roads of 35mph or less
• Designed for residential areas with low density
  traffic
• Even though all NEVs are Low Speed Vehicles
  (LSV), not all LSVs are street legal

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Further Information

• Energy incentives, policies, regulations
• www.dsireusa.org
• NC Solar Center
• www.ncsc.ncsu.edu
• U.S. DOE
• www.eere.energy.gov/
• State Energy Office
• http//www.energync.net/

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Thank You

• State Energy Office, NC Commerce Dept.
• 1830 A Tillery Place
• Raleigh, NC 27604
• 919-733-2230 or 800-662-7131
• Bob Leker (Renewables Program Manager)
• 919-733-1907 bob.leker_at_doa.nc.gov