Clean Energy Initiative

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Roop L. Mahajan Tucker Chair Professor of
Engineering, Director , ICTAS Director,
VTCRI mahajanr_at_vt.edu [phone]
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Overhyped technology start to reach potential
nanotech to impact 3.1 trillion in
manufactured goods in 2015 Lux Research
Report, July 22, 2008, New York  
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Growth by Region
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NanoTech Now in Products
Products on the Market A survey by Small Times
magazine identified over 1600 companies involved
in nanotech, with more than 700 products being
produced. An internal EPA survey identified over
270 firms with products on the market.
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NanoTech Now In Products - II
Nanoclay Composite
Nano fibers
Carbon Nanotube Composite
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Applied Nanotechnology Paint
Deletum 5000s special ingredient is silica that
are but a few nanometres (billionths of a metre)
across. These particles have had both
oil-repellent and water-repellent molecules
attached to their surfaces. Both are necessary,
since the materials used by graffiti artists may
be oil-based or water based. However, if merely
mixed together, the two would end up repelling
each other, and thus separating. By attaching
them to the silica, this mutual loathing can be
overcome and, as the paint dries, the changes
that take place force the oil-and-water-proofing
to the surface. The result is that most agents
used by graffiti artists will not stick to that
surfaceand what does stick can be washed or
brushed off easily.
Deletum 5000 Anti-graffiti paint Company Victor
Castaño
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Applied Nanotechnology Self-Cleaning Fabrics
Nanowires The leaves of several plants, including
the lotus plant, show self-cleaning properties.
The so-called "lotus effect" that results means
that every rain shower washes away dust particles.
This 2x2 micrometer AFM image shows an attempt to
mimic the dust-busting properties of the lotus --
a carpetlike assembly of nanowires, created by a
chemical vapor deposition process. When water
droplets hit the superhydrophobic nanowires, they
quickly roll off, taking those pesky dust
particles with them. Oliver
Bumchen/Saarland University, Germany
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The newest shaft in the AccuFLEX line and the 1st
ever shaft to hit the golf market incorporating
NANO COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY. In the case of the
EVOLUTION, AccuFLEX Golfs Nano Composite
technology enhancement increases the surface area
of the shaft thereby creating a tighter molecular
structure. This means that shafts that are
enhanced with AccuFLEX Golfs Nano Composite
technology have fewer voids in the fiber, tighter
tolerances and can feature lighter weight with
more fiber density. Nano Composite technology
shafts are also stronger, have faster recovery
with less shaft deformation while transmitting
better feel.
Applied Nanotechnology Golf Clubs
AccuFlex Evolution Golf Shaft Company Accuflex
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Applied Nanotechnology Fly Fishing Rod
Redingtons Nano Titanium Quartz (NtiQ) fly
fishing rod will have you stepping up the
technology ladder. Built with a high modulus
graphite, a layer of nano titanium resin fills in
the small pores left by the graphite, and a final
coat of quartz provides strength and durability.
This high-performing rod in its unique textured
blue color is definitely ready for the big fish.
Redington Fly Fishing Rod Nano Titanium Quartz
Company Redington
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Path to Applications
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 1 Nano-force sensor
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grown using
the thermal chemical vapor deposition.
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 1 Nano-force sensor
Nanomaterials Characterization and Device
Fabrication
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 1 Nano-force sensor
NT-Sphere device Testing and Calibration as a
force sensor
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 2 Nano-Medicine
Aminoglycoside-Ionopolymeric Nanoplexes for
Treating Intracellular Bacterial Infections
SEM image of gentamicin nanoplex
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Path to Applications EXAMPLE 2 Bio-Markers
Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 2 Bio-Markers
The complexes efficiently enter cellsConfocal
Images of FITC-nanoplex in Mouse Macrophages
The images were taken after J77A.1 mouse
macrophages were incubated with nanoplexes for 30
minute
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 2 Nano-Medicine
Aminoglycoside nanoplexes show activities against
bacteria In Vitro
Biosensitivity test of nanoplexes against
standard E. Coli in argar plate
amikacin complex
free amikacin
free kanamycin
kanamycin complex
gentamicin complex
free gentamicin
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 2 Nano-Medicine
Aminoglycoside nanoplexes show activities against
bacteria In Vitro
In vitro anti bacterial efficacy of complexes in
Brucella-infected Macrophage
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 3 Magnetic Field Sensors
Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles
Core-shell structure
Layer structure
Sponsored by Army Research Office
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 2 Nano-Medicine
Aminoglycoside nanoplexes show activities against
bacteria In Vitro
In vitro anti bacterial efficacy of complexes in
Brucella-infected Macrophage
Biosensitivity test of nanoplexes against
standard E. Coli in argar plate
amikacin complex
free amikacin
free kanamycin
kanamycin complex
gentamicin complex
free gentamicin
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 3 Magnetic Field Sensors
Nanocomposite fabrication and testing
Sponsored by Army Research Office
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 3 Magnetic Field Sensors
Applications IED, Landmines
Magnetic field sensors detect change in
magnetic field patterns Parking sensors in
automobiles.
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 4 Multi-role sensors
LSMO rich matrix
LSMO- ZrO composite material
ZrO2 rich matrix
Pore diameter 50-150nm Depth 100nm
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 4 Multi-role sensors
Location, size and design - Oxygen Sensors in
Automobiles.
Catalytic convertors air/fuel ratio.
Oxygen Sensors
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 4 Multi-role sensors
Crash Sensing
Force Sensors in Airplanes
Sensor locations in car
Vibration Testing for Airplanes
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Path to Applications
EXAMPLE 4 Multi-role sensors
Vibration Energy Harvesting Chips
1/Vtotal S 1/Vi Parallel connection
Vtotal S Vi Series connection
Fully packaged energy harvesters prototypes
developed for border security monitoring,
industrial health monitoring, and aircraft
structural health monitoring.
Sponsored by Texas Advanced Research Program,
Pratt Whitney, ONR
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The Nano-Future
Systems of nanosystems Guided
molecular Assembly 3D networking Robotics
Supramolecules

• Passive
• Nanostructures
• Nanoparticles
• Nanotubes
• Nanocomposites
• Nano-coatings
• Nanostructured
• Materials

Active Nanostructures Electronics Sensors
Targeted drugs Adaptive structures
Molecular nanosystems Molecules by design
Hierarchical functions Evolutionary systems
work now underway at VT
1st Generation
2nd Generation
3rd Generation
4th Generation
2018 - space elevator?
2040
NOW
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CNT Coatings (with NIST)
CNT Coatings (with NIST)
Blackest coating in the world !!
?T Temperature difference of the water before
entering the fixture and after exiting the
fixture m Mass flow rate of water flowing
behind the sample Power absorbed Pabs m Cp
?T ? Pabs / Pin Ivd Visual damage Iad
Absorbance based damage
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Growth Inside Fibers and Tubes

• Quartz fibers 50 µm, 75 µm and 100 µm
• Ferrofluid coating Capillary action
• 800 oC, 10 min., C2H2 H2 (250500 sccm), H2
  pre-treatment

• Quartz tube 2 mm diameter
• Ferrofluid dropped inside rotating tube
• 800 oC, 10 min., C2H2 H2 (250500 sccm), H2
  pre-treatment

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Thermal Interface Material
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Thermal Interface Material
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Thermal Interface Material
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Thermal Interface Material
Power densities gt 200 W/cm2
High compliance
High thermal conductivity
Mechanical strength
Reliability
CNTs
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http//www.cpe.vt.edu/ehw/
Presentation Topics (i) Energy Harvesting
(piezoelectric, inductive, photovoltaic, and
thermoelectric)(ii) Micro batteries(iii)
Structural health monitoring(iv) Center for
Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems