Technology Needs AssessmentBotswana Experience Bangkok, Thailand

1
Technology Needs Assessment-Botswana Experience
Bangkok, Thailand

• Balisi Gopolang
• Climate Change Secretariat -Botswana

2
Background

• Botswana ratified the UNFCCC in 1994
• 2001 submission of the INC to the UNFCCC
• INC offered opportunities for policy refinement.
• INC sells national opportunities for foreign and
  local investment for safeguarding the environment.

3
Background (Cont.)

• The TNA for Botswana was undertaken in 2004 by
  consultants.
• Objective of the TNA to identify and assess
  environmentally sound technologies .
• These technologies to have synergy between
  reducing impacts of CC and GHG emissions in
  Botswana with National Development objectives

4
Specific Objectives

• Assess past efforts (INC) to identify GHG
  mitigation technologies and adaptation measures
  in critical economic and vulnerable sectors.
• Define priority sectors for which technologies
  are needed.
• Identify suitable technologies that mitigate GHG
  emissions, their sources, cost-effectiveness,
  barriers to adoption and adaptation/mitigation
  potential.
• Review Government national policies.
• Investigate social acceptability of some
  technologies.

5
Methodology

• Secondary data collection involved review of
  past literature on
• V A in Water and Agriculture
• Mitigation studies in both energy and non-energy
  sector.
• BINC
• Vision 2016, NDPs, sectoral policies, projects
  and programmes.
• Best practices in Botswana and other countries
  in relation to integrating CC programmes NDPs.

6
Methodology (cont)

• Primary data entailed
• Interviews of Govt policy / decision makers
• Interview of users and potential users of
  recycled/treated water.
• Consultation with technology suppliers in and
  outside
• Workshop of Govt decision makers, technology
  providers and other experts.

7
TNA--Energy

• Energy contributes to National GDP, as it is
  input to all production facilities and is a basic
  welfare need.
• Overview of energy
• Coal
• Wood
• Petroleum
• Electricity
• Solar

8
Energy technologies identified

• Solar PV, Cooling, Passive Designs, Cooking,
  Water Pumping, Solar Water Heating, Thermal
  Electricity Generation.
• Biomass Wood Chip Briquetting, Elephant Grass
• Biogas Sewerage, Slaughterhouse, Household,
  Landfill
• Biofuel Jetropha
• Coal Coal washing, coal bed methane
• Energy Efficiency CFL, Passive Solar Designs,
  Energy Management Systems
• Other Decentralized Generation, LPG, Fuel Cells,
  Modern Wind Technologies, Hybrid Systems

9
Barriers

• High capital costs
• Lack of expertise in the country.
• Lack of confidence in some of the new
  technologies.
• Lack of raw materials
• Lack of infrastructure
• Lack of info and fear Jetropha could be a weed
  and degrade the rangeland

10
Water

• Wastewater Treatment technologies are Activated
  Sludge, Percolating Filter, Bio Contactors,
  Stabilization Ponds, Constructed Wetlands,
  Lime/Limestone, Vacuum Sewerage
• Water Treatment Reverse Osmosis, Polymer
  Technology, Demineralization
• Rain Water Harvesting Ground Catchment Tank,
  Roof Catchment Tank

11
Barriers

• Expensive
• Lack of knowledge
• Social acceptability of recycled water

12
Agriculture

• Livestock Reducing Livestock Numbers, Animal
  Productivity, Ionophores, Probiotics,
  Manipulating Nutrient Composition, Animal
  Breeding, Livestock Methane Vaccine
• Tillage Conservation Tillage, Soil Carbon
  Uptake, Tractor Operation and Selection
• Usage of Variety with short growing period crops

13
Barriers

• Reluctance to reduce numbers
• Lack of knowledge and information

14
WHERE WE ARE TODAY

• Several municipal sewerage works running on
  methane
• CBM being extracted
• Water recycling being done mainly for irrigation
• Coal washing being implemented
• Solar water heaters being promoted
• Small scale solar power stations available and
  being promoted
• Some policies being reviewed.
• Non Motorized Transport project implemented.
• Ministry of Agric. Working on coming up with more
  drought resilient crops.

15
Thank you