The FRBR Model Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

1
Differentiating Libraries through Enriched User
Searching FRBR Implementation in Virtua
Back to Basics and Flying Into the
Future Cataloging 2007, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1-2
February 2007
John Espley, Director for Design, VTLS Inc.
2
VTLS and FRBR

• Current Virtua Release is Release 48
• First FRBR customer (UCL) was in 2003 with
  Release 41
• Important Split for Users
• Choose to implement FRBR
• Choose to ignore FRBR
• Have a mixed catalog with FRBR records and
  non-FRBR records

3
Virtua and FRBR

• MARC based system
• Mapping from regular cataloging to FRBR
• One record to three linked records
• Work, Expression, Manifestation
• Initial mapping done independently by LC (Tom
  Delsey) and by VTLS (John Espley) there was
  little difference

4
Design Considerations in FRBR

• Design is a matter of choices
  Good design is a matter of good choices
• Five key questions
• Store FRBR records?
• Have a pure or mixed FRBRized catalog?
• What tools are needed to support cataloging?
• How to display FRBR records?
• What features would users like?

•  

5
Design Considerations in FRBR
Store FRBR Records (or FRBRize at display) ?

• Records are cataloged once assessed many times
  FRBRizing at access was not optimal
• Collocation was easier for stored FRBR records
• Validations checks for works, expressions and
  manifestations was cleaner for stored records
• Cataloging was simpler and easily understood

6
Design Considerations in FRBR
Have a Pure or Mixed FRBRized Catalog?

• Studies at VTLS and OCLC showed that about 18 of
  catalog records would gain by FRBRizing
• Pure catalogs would be easier to display but
  would require more effort to convert
• Mixed catalogs would take less overhead and
  provide for gradual (over time) implementation
• Mixed catalogs would provide for selective
  FRBRization if necessary

7
Design Considerations in FRBR
What Tools are Needed to Support Cataloging?

• FRBRize button converts any record to FRBR
• Automatic linking between W-E-M records
• Context sensitive validation for W-E-M records
• Copying whole FRBR tree from catalog to catalog
• Analyze catalog for FRBR candidates
• Batch FRBRize the whole catalog (as in LC music)
• UnFRBRize records for distribution error
  correction

8
Design Considerations in FRBR
How to Display FRBR Records?

• FRBR expandable tree structure
• Use of Icons
• FRBR reverse tree structure
• Music collections
• Bound with
• See examples that follow later

9
Design Considerations in FRBR
What Features Would Users Like?

• Record sensitive displays standard records
  display different form FRBR display
• Collocation
• Multilingual access based on FRBR data
• Navigation hence reverse tree
• Circulation holds at W-E-M levels

10
FRBR Examples

• VTLS Implementation
• First FRBR customer was UCL in 2003
• VTLS continues to create examples to demonstrate
  the use of FRBR in library catalogs
• Links to 12 examples on following slide
• The complete PowerPoint presentation can be found
  at
• http//www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml

11
FRBR Examples
Click Corresponding button for example
12
(No Transcript)
13
FRBR Demonstration

• Beethoven Example
• Search on Author Beethoven
• Select Symphonies no. 6
• View record and notice FRBR hierarchy
• Things to pay attention to now
• Notice the 001 and 004 tags
• Notice the 999 tag

14
Beethoven Example
Search for Beethoven
15
Beethoven Example
Select 6th Symphony. (Could also select 5
Beethoven and then 6th Symphony)
16
Beethoven Example
Result is a FRBR Work record. (Expand tree by
clicking on the plus sign)
17
Beethoven Example
Tree is expanded to display FRBR Expressions.
The 004 tag is the 001 of the Work.
18
Beethoven Example
Expanding the tree again displays the FRBR
Manifestations.
19
VTLS FRBR Features

• Single database can have FRBR and non-FRBR
  records
• System is aware of record type and changes
  displays as needed
• Display of FRBR records are in tree structure
• Local level fields have values of W, E, and M to
  indicate type of FRBR record
• 001 and 004 used as linking tags

20
(No Transcript)
21
FRBR OPAC

• Screen captures of Virtuas Web OPAC, iPortal,
  are presented to show user displays of a FRBR
  catalog.

22
FRBR OPAC
Search by title
23
FRBR OPAC
Select 1st entry in List
24
FRBR OPAC
Result is a short record display. Click on
FRBR tree
25
FRBR OPAC
Result is the FRBR tree with brief info
from Work and Expressions
26
FRBR OPAC
Expression has been expanded to display brief
info from Manifestations
27
FRBR OPAC
Manifestation record with one owning institution
28
FRBR OPAC
Manifestation record with several owning
institutions
29
(No Transcript)
30
Work to Work Links

• when the modification of a work involves a
  significant degree of independent effort, the
  result is a new work. FRBR, final report

31
Work to Work Links

• Types of different works
• Paraphrases
• Rewritings
• Adaptations for children
• Musical variations on a theme
• Abstracts, digests, and summaries
• Adaptations from one form to another
• Dramatizations (book to movie, play, etc.)
• One graphic art medium to another

32
Super Work

• A Super (or Supra) Work is a record that has
  other works (sub works) related to it
• For example, the novel Beau Geste by P. C. Wren
  is one FRBR Work, and the several movies that
  have been created from the book are also separate
  FRBR Works. The Super work is an artificial
  creation that links all these related works
  together

33
Super Work
The Work record for the Super Work of Beau
Geste
34
Super Work
The tree expanded to show the sub works of the
Super Work
The Work record for the novel (a sub work of the
Super Work)
35
Super Work
The Work record for the 1939 movie (a sub work of
the Super Work)
36
Super Work
The tree expanded to show the Expression and Manif
estations of the 1939 movie
The Expression record for the 1939 movie
37
Super Work
The 1926 movie also has two other sub
works music and a Program book
The Work record for the 1926 movie
38
Super Work
The tree expanded to show the Manifestations of
the 1926 movie
The Expression record for the 1926 movie
39
Super Work
The tree expanded to show the Expression
and Manifestations for the music (a sub work) of
the 1926 movie
The Manifestation record for the music of
the1926 movie
40
(No Transcript)
41
Circulation Requests

• With a traditional system when you had multiple
  editions of a particular title (Work) you had to
  place individual requests on each edition
  (Manifestation).
• With a FRBR system, you only have to place a
  request at the Work or Expression level, and ANY
  item of ANY Manifestation will satisfy the
  request.

42
Circulation Requests
Search for the title Action and Passion
by Percival Christopher Wren
43
Circulation Requests
The Work Record for Action and Passion
44
Circulation Requests
The Expression record with the tree Expanded
to show multiple Manifestations. You do not care
which Manifestation you read. You just want one.
45
Circulation Requests
The Manifestations in the next few examples show
that items exist in different locations. This
location is the Main Library.
46
Circulation Requests
This location is the Mann Library
47
Circulation Requests
This copy is in Green Valley
48
Circulation Requests
This Manifestation has two copies One each in
the Main and Law Libraries.
49
Circulation Requests
Instead of placing a Bib level request at
each Manifestation, place the request
on the Expression.
50
Circulation Requests
The Request wizard is invoked by clicking
on the Add button
51
Circulation Requests
Once the request is made, the next time
a qualifying item is encountered, it will
be trapped. In this example, an item
is being discharged from circulation.
52
Circulation Requests
The Circulation module responds to the
Check-in with a message that the item has a
request on it
53
Circulation Requests
The Check-in window displays the items that have
been checked in and their status
54
Circulation Requests
To verify that this is the right item (in
our FRBR request example) we can either search
for Action and Passion or right click and select
to view the item record
55
Circulation Requests
The trapped item is for the title Action
and Passion
56
Circulation Requests
We can look at the FRBR bibliographic information
by right clicking and selecting Bibliographic Reco
rd
57
Circulation Requests
The FBBR tree for Action and Passion
with the Manifestation of the trapped item
58
(No Transcript)
59
FRBR Serials (CR) Example

• Atlantic Monthly
• Five Title Changes (1857, 1932, 1971, 1981, 1993)
• 11 Bibliographic Records in OCLC

60
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Each of the five basic titles in the family
of Atlantic Monthly is a sub-work under
the Super Work
61
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Each work has a linking field such
as Continues or
62
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Continued by
63
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The Expression level record has
fields for frequency
64
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
This is the Manifestation level record which
has information such as title, page,
imprint, LCCN and ISSN
65
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
This is another Manifestation. In this case,
the microform edition of the latest incarnation
of Atlantic Monthly is shown.
66
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The fully expanded tree shows all of the
Works, Expressions and Manifestations. There are
11 Manifestations which match the 11 original
OCLC records.
67
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
What happens when you search for Atlantic Monthly?
68
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The result set is a list of the records Works
and Manifestations which have the title
Atlantic Monthly in them. Selecting the second
entry, a Manifestation, results in
69
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The tree expanded to the selected record
70
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Notice that at some point Atlantic Monthly absorbe
d two other titles. If you click on the hyperlink
for Putnams magazine
71
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
You get a result set of records that have the
title of Putnams magazine in them. If you select
the last entry on this screen
72
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
You get a FRBR tree that displays the family of
records for Putnams magazine.
73
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Selecting any of the Works displays
the information about that Work and expanding
the entries will display the Expressions and
Manifestations.
74
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
If we had clicked on the hyperlink
for Galaxy instead of Putnams magazine
75
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Again, a result set since more than one
record has the title, Galaxy, in it. Selecting
the third record
76
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Results in a non-FRBR record since there is only
one record for the title, Galaxy. There
is no family of records.
77
Questions/Concerns

• Linking fields
• Need clearer, fuller definitions of WEM
• Need to look at MARC tag mappings
• Rules of Super Works
• Can FRBR work with CR?

78
FRBR Benefits

• For Librarians
• Collocation
• Better organization to catalog
• Easier cataloging
• Reduction in cataloging load
• Work only cataloged once for all expressions
  under it
• Expression only cataloged once for all
  manifestations under it
• Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same

79
FRBR Benefits

• Greater Benefits For Users
• Collocation
• Easier to find information
• Single search retrieves all related materials
  even if cataloged in different languages or
  different subject headings
• Easier to see the different expressions of a
  single work
• Gives a better global picture
• Easier to find all manifestations

80
FRBR Benefits

• Place holds at Work or Expression level
  rather than only at manifestation level
• Better understanding of relationships between
  related works or expressions

81
Virtua FRBR at UCL

• Universite Catholique De Louvain (UCL) has been a
  Virtua FRBR customer since December of 2003
• UCL moved to a consortium environment in April of
  2006

82
UCL feedback on FRBR

• What UCL likes about FRBR
• For the first time we have the ability for a
  global representation of an intellectual or
  artistic universe (English translation of a
  thought in French)
• Collocation is tremendous
• Visualization of the content by the end user
• Accessibility to big works like Bible
• Very interesting for works of philosophers,
  great writers, and so on
• Ability to extract FRBR records in a non FRBR
  format for exchange of data
• Structural relationships from work to work

83
UCL feedback on FRBR

• What UCL doesnt like so much
• Difficulty in getting precise information
  concerning different electronic format
• This is linked to the fact that Virtua/FRBR is
  MARC based and must live with the limitations of
  MARC
• No way, at present, to identify a FRBR record
  in the index entries at the point of display
• VTLS comment We think that this can be fixed.

84
Advantages of FRBR (for UCL)

• FRBR is opening the road to
• New methods for cataloging
• Analyzing deeply notion of seriality and
  dynamic structure of electronic resources
• New model for authority data
• New model for subject authorities, thesauri,
  subject classification (facets)

85
Conclusion Mood at UCL?

• Overall Quite happy with FRBR implementation
• After three full years of experience they will
  never return to the old catalog
• All new institutions joining the consortium are
  required to embrace the FRBR implementation so
  there is no further debate about a mixed
  environement.

86
FRBR UCL Catalog Other Examples

• Other searches to try
• Title search Also sprach Zarathustra
• Take first entry on the title list
• Title search Chanson de Roland
• Click to next set and select entry with 13 hits
  click on 13th record
• Title search Communauté apostolique
• Click on first entry
• Author search Zola, Emile
• Take entry Zola, Emile, 1840-1902 Germinal
• http//bib.sipr.ucl.ac.be/cgi-bin/gw_48_0_1f/chame
  leon?skinwboreal

87
FRBR Preparation

• Library Task List
• Read FRBR documentation
• Study FRBR implementations to see benefits for
  library
• If there is interest, start a FRBR program
• Have VTLS run Virtua FRBR Analysis Program to
  determine what percentage of database records are
  good FRBR candidates
• General results 5-18 range

88
FRBR Preparation

• Library Task List
• Make purchasing decision for FRBR
• Schedule one day FRBR cataloging training
• Automatically convert selected records to FRBR
  using Virtua programs
• Check and correct auto conversion
• Open FRBR catalog to public
• Let the fun begin
• Live happily ever after!!

89
FRBR

• For further information or a copy of this
  presentation, please send an email to
• Jack Bazuzi bazuzij_at_vtlseurope.com
• Vinod Chachra chachrav_at_vtls.com
• John Espley espleyj_at_vtls.com
• For further information about VTLS, visit
• www.vtls.com

90
(No Transcript)