C83SPE Revision

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C83SPE Revision
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Specimen Exam Paper Format

• Answer TWO questions in total. ONE question from
  Section A and ONE question from Section B.
• Section A Social Psychology of Exercise
• 1. Compare and contrast two social cognitive
  approaches aimed at understanding exercise
  behaviour.
• 2. What strategies can exercise promoters use to
  increase a persons exercise behaviour?
• 3. What factors contribute to the development of
  eating disorders in sport and exercise
  performers?
• Section B Social Psychology of Sport
• 4. How have advances in social psychological
  theory contributed to our understanding of the
  effects of stress and anxiety in sport?
• 5. How does cognitive evaluation theory help to
  understand the role of rewards in sports
  participation?
• 6. What factors affect whether the presence of an
  audience will facilitate sports performance?

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Section A Social Psychology of Exercise

• Question 1 Compare and contrast two social
  cognitive approaches to the understanding of
  exercise behaviour
• Source Chapters 2 Social Cognitive Approaches
• Contextual sentence
• Abstract style first paragraph identify the
  theories
• Define the TWO theories you have chosen e.g. HBM,
  PMT, TPB/TRA, TTM
• Define their common elements
• For all theories
• Identify what key variables
• Show how - mechanisms (paths) to exercise
  behaviour
• Certain theories
• Similar variables e.g. self-efficacy in PMT, and
  control in TPB
• Define and contrast their differences
• Differences in their purpose
• E.g. Stage theories like TTM show how peoples
  behaviour changes in stages, TPB, HBM, PMT
  focus on motivation to engage in specific bouts
  of behaviour
• Differences in their ability to predict exercise
  behaviour

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Section A Social Psychology of Exercise

• Question 2 What strategies can exercise
  promoters use to increase a persons exercise
  behaviour?
• Source Chapters 2 3 Theories of intention
  and implementation
• Contextual sentence
• Abstract style first paragraph identify the
  strategies
• Identify the strategies and compare them, dont
  just describe
• Attitudinal/control-based interventions (changing
  beliefs/intentions)
• Implementation intentions (increasing int-beh
  link)
• Decision making cost vs. benefit, changes
  beliefs (TTM)
• Motivational interviewing changes intrinsic
  motivation and self-efficacy, individualised
  approach

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Section A Social Psychology of Exercise

• Question 3 What factors contribute to the
  development of eating disorders in sport and
  exercise performers?
• Source Chapter 4 The physical self, eating
  disorders and activity disorders
• Contextual sentence
• Abstract style first paragraph identify the
  factors
• Identify the factors and evaluate them, dont
  just describe
• Dispositions personality obligatory
  behaviours
• Coach and peer pressure
• Demands of sport e.g. weight restrictions c.f.
  boxing
• Sociocultural factors e.g. media, sport climate
• Performance demands leanness and performance
• Judging criteria e.g. bodybuilding, gymnastics,
  skating etc.
• Give some idea as how they can be counteracted
  e.g. CBT, recommendations of coaches

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Section B Social Psychology of Sport

• Question 4 How have advances in social
  psychological theory contributed to our
  understanding of the effects of stress and
  anxiety in sport?
• Source Chapter 6 Emotion and anxiety in sport
• Contextual sentence shows you can locate the
  area
• Abstract style first paragraph
• Introduce theories
• Discuss the evolution of the anxiety theories
• Drive theory?Inverted U/Optimal arousal
  ?Facilitative_Debilitative Anxiety/Catastrophe
  theory
• Give an opinion which best describes our
  understanding?
• Mention Yerkes and Dodson, Martens, Jones and
  Swain, Hardy

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Section B Social Psychology of Sport

• Question 5 How does cognitive evaluation theory
  help to understand the role of rewards in sports
  participation?
• Source Chapter 5 Motivation in sport
• Contextual sentence
• Abstract style first paragraph
• Describe important aspects of CET intrinsic
  motivation, external rewards, undermining effect,
  context of reward, competence
• Discuss optimal situation reward should have
  an internal locus of causality and
  informational feedback associated with it
• Conclude CET rewards are most effective if they
  are not the sole purpose of the activity and they
  are presented with positive feedback
• Mention Deci and Ryan Vallerand

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Section B Social Psychology of Sport

• Question 6 What factors affect whether the
  presence of an audience will facilitate sports
  performance?
• Source Chapter 7 Group processes in sport
• Contextual sentence
• Abstract style first paragraph
• Factors affecting the social facilitation effect
• Level of sports performer
• Whether the skill has been performed before and
  is well learned i.e. reinforces a dominant
  response
• Evaluation apprehension vs mere presence
• Cognitive vs drive explanations of social
  facilitation
• Nature of audience knowledge, partisan etc.
• Also Location of activity home vs. away
  matches
• Mention Tripplett, Zajonc, Cottrell, Carron,
  Latané