DIVORCE'

1
DIVORCE.

• WHY PEOPLE DIVORCE EXCERPTS FROM FRIEDMAN
  PP135-139 AND WARD CH.10

2
CONTD

• CANADIAN RESEARCHERS FOUND THAT PEOPLE DIVORCE
  BECAUSE OF
• - INFIDELITY AND ABUSE.
• - DISAGREEMENTS.
• - UNSATISFACTORY SEX LIFE.

3
CONTD

• FERTILITY ISSUES, E.G.
• - INFERTILITY.
• - THE PRESENCE OF
• CHILDREN.

4
CONTD

• ALL CANADIANS FEEL THAT DIVORCE IS JUSTIFIED WHEN
  
• - ONE PARTNER ABUSES THE
• OTHER.
• - THERE IS LACK OF RESPECT
• FOR EACH OTHER
• - UNFAITHFULNESS OCCURS.

5
CONTD

• MOST PEOPLE 50 AND OVER HAVE A LENIENT ATTITUDE
  TOWARD DIVORCE. THIS MAY BE DUE TO THEIR MARRIED
  LIFE EXPERINECE.
• CHURCH-GOERS WITH CHILDREN DIVORCE LESS.

6
CONTD

• THE STRUCTIONAL-FUNCTIONAL
• VIEW THAT IS MEN PROVIDING
• ECONOMICALLY, AND WOMEN
• SOLELY CARING FOR THEIR
• FAMILIES HAS ERODED OVER
• THE YEARS, DUE TO ECONOMIC UCERTAINTY AND
  FREEDOM DEMANDS FROM SPOUSES.

7
CONTD

• EACH PARTNERS VALUE OF THE MASRRIAGE IS
  IMPORTANT.
• WHEN THERE ARE MANY COSTS DIVORCE IS LESS LIKELY
  .

8
CONTD

• DIVORCE COSTS ARE LOWER NOW THAN BEFORE.
• WOMEN HAVE GREATER ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND CAN
  SUPPORT SELF.
• MENS ABILITY TO EARN A LIVING IS LESS RELIABLE.

9
CONTD

• HAVING FEWER CHILDREN RESULTS IN FEWER TIES TO
  BREAK. HOWEVER.
• DIVORCE RATE HAS INCREASED DUE TO
• NO-FAULT DIVORCE.

10
CONTD

• LESS STIGMA AGAINST
• DIVORCE PEOPLE.
• DIVORCE IS RARELY A SUDDEN EVENT,IT INVOLVES
  SEVERAL PHASES

11
THE DIVORCE ROAD.

• DECISION TO DIVORCE
• INVOLVES
• PERIOD OF DENIAL. THEN THE DIVORCE CASCADE
  WHICH IS-
• INCREASE CONFLICT, THEN
• SERIOUS CONSIDERATION
• OF DIVORCE.

12
THE DIVORCE ROAD CONTD

• SEPARATION OCCURS NEXT.
• FINALLY DIVORCE OCCURS.
• PLANNING THE BREAKUP. COUPLES COOPERATIVELY WORK
  TO SETTLE ISSUES E.G.CHILD CUSTODY, VISITATION.

13
THE ROAD TO DIVORCE CONTD

• SEPARATION AND FAMILY REORGANIZATION.IF ONLY ONE
  PARTNER WISHES TO SEPARATE, BOUNDARIES MAY BE
  UNCERTAIN THIS LEADS TO CONFLICT.

14
THE CRISES OF DIVORCE

• THE BREAKDOWN OF A MARRIAGE LEADS TO
• EMOTIONAL
• CRISIS,ECONOMIC CRISIS
• PARENTING CRISIS

15
THE CRISIS OF DIVORCE CONTD

• A BITTER COURT BATTLE MAKES THESE CRISES WORSE.
  DIVORCE PRODUCES TRANSITIONAL STATE WHICH IS A
  TEMPORARY IMBALANCE. E.G. CHANGES IN ROUTINES,
  ROLES, RELATIONSHIPS.

16
THE CRISES OF DIVORCE CONTD.

• THE DISEQUILIBRIUM STATE LASTS FOR A PERIOD OF 1
  TO 3 YEARS.
• A COUPLES REACTION TO A DIVORCE DEPENDS ONTHE
  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE SEPARATION.

17
THE CRISES OF DIVORCE CONTINUES.

• THE QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER SEPARATION,THE PERSONS
  SEX, THE LENGTH OF THE MARRIAGE,PAST EXPERIENCE
  WITH STRESS, ACCEPTANCE OF THEIR ETHNIC OR
  RELIGIOUS GROUP.

18
EMOTIONAL CRISES

• BREAKUP IS MORE PAINFUL FOR A PERSON WHO DOES NOT
  EXPECT IT OR WANT IT AND EASIER, FOR PARTNERS WHO
  MAKE THE DECISION COLLECTIVELY.

19
EMOTIONAL CRISES CONTD

• THE EMOTIONAL LOSS FELT IN A DIVORCE IS
  COMPARABLE TO DEATH OF A LOVED ONE , EXCEPT THAT
  THE EX-PARTNER IS STILL AROUND.

20
THE ECONOMIC CRISIS

• DIVORCE USUALLY MEANS A DROP IN THE STANDARD OF
  LIVING ESPECIALLY FOR CUSTODIAL PARENTS. BOTH
  PARENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SUPPORT OF THEIR
  CHILDREN.

21
PARENTING CRISIS

• DIVORCING PARENTS MAY BE UNABLE TO RESPOND TO
  THEIR CHILDRENS EMOTIONAL NEEDS.DUE TO SHOCK,
  AND DEPRESSION WHICH MAY CAUSE INSENSITIVITY TO
  CHILDRENS NEEDS.

22
PARENTING CRISIS

• CHILDREN ,MAY BE EMOTIONALLY NEGLECTED AT A TIME
  WHEN THEY NEED SPECIAL CARE THE MOST.

23
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE.

• FEW CHILDREN WANT THEIR PARENTS TO DIVORCE
  REGARDLESS OF TENSION IN THE MARRIAGE.

24
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE.

• CHILDREN ARE AT RISK FOR DELINQUENCY.
• EARLY SEXUAL INTERCOURSE.
• EMOTIONAL DISTRESS.
• SCHOOL DIFFICULTIES.

25
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE CONTD

• CHILDREN OVER /ABOUT 9 OR 10 ARE ABLE TO
  UNDERSTAND DIVORCE.
• REALISTICLY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN DO FEEL
  RESPONSIBLE FOR PARENTS BREAKUP.

26
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE

• YOUNG CHILDREN OFTEN FEEL THAT THEY CAN BRING
  THEIR PARENTS TOGETHER.
• ADOLESCENTS MAY FEEL RELIEVED AT THE END OF THE
  CONTINUING CONFLICT.

27
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE CONTD

• SOME ADOLESCENTS EXPERIMENT WITH DRUGS,SEX. THEY
  MAY HAVE TO EMOTIONALLY SUPPORT A PARENT. THEY
  MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY GETTING ON WITH THEIR OWN
  LIVES.

28
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE CONTD

• SOME TEENS GO THROUGH A SLEEPER EFFECT WHERE A
  PROBLEM ARISES LONG AFTER THE DIVORCE. OFTEN SEEN
  IN HIGH-CONFLICT DIVORCE WHERE CHILD TOOK SIDES.

29
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE CONTD

• MOVING FROM THE FAMILY HOME TO SMALLER
  ACCOMODATIONS,NEW NEIGHBOURHOODS AFFECTS
  CHILDREN. AGAIN,FATHERS ABSENCE MAY CAUSE
  ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY.

30
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE CONTD

• CHILDREN WHO STAY IN THE FAMILY HOME, GO TO THE
  SAME SCHOOL AND HAVE THE SAME FRIENDS DO MUCH
  BETTER POST-DIVORCE.

31
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE CONTD

• CHANGES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTS
  RATHER THAN THE DIVORCE ITSELF CAUSES GREATER
  DELINQUENCY, UNDERACHIEVEMENT, PROMISCUITY ETC.

32
CHILDREN AND DIVORCE.

• DISRUPTED NEW RELATIONSHIPS FORMED BY PARENTS
  CAUSE CHILDREN TO EXPERIENCE MULTIPLE LOSSES AND
  ADJUSTMENTS.

33
CUSTODY AND PARENTING

• MOTHERS USUALLY ARE GRANTED CUSTODY AFTER
  DIVORCE.
• CUSTODY COULD BE DENIED IF MOTHER LEFT THE HOME
  OR COMMITTED ADULTERY.(EXAMPLES).

34
CUSTODY AND PARENTING

• THE CURRENT STANDARD USED COURTS ACT IN THE BEST
  INTEREST OF THE CHILD.
• AGAIN,MORE FATHERS ARE GAINING CUSTODY OF THEIR
  CHILDREN.

35
CUSTODY AND PARENTING

• COURTS ARE RELUCTANT TO GRANT CUSTODY TO A
  LESBIAN,ESPECIALLY IF SHE IS OPEN IN HER
  LIFESTYLE AND IS A GAY ACTIVIST.

36
CUSTODY AND PARENTING CONTD

• COURTS FEEL THAT LIVING WITH A LESBIAN MOTHER MAY
  BE HARMFUL FOR THE CHILD.

37
PROBLEM AREAS

• CUSTODY CONFLICTS CAN REFER TO
• NON- COMPLIANCE WITH SUPPORT ORDERS OR CUSTODY
  PROVISIONS.

38
PROBLEM AREAS

• SOMETIMES NONPAYMENT (CHILD SUPPORT) IS A METHOD
  OF HARRASSMENT OF EX-PARTNER OR ATTEMPTS TO EXERT
  CONTROL OVER DECISIONS AFFECTING THE CHILD.

39
PARENTS WITHOUT CUSTODY

• MOST NONCUSTODIAL PARENTS ARE MEN. DIVORCE MEANS
  FOR THEM , A LOSS SENSE OF HOME AND FAMILY.

40
DIVORCE AND THE FAMILY CYCLE

• DIVORCE HAS A DIFFERENT IMPACT AT DIFFERENT
  STAGES OF THE FAMILY CYCLE.
• THE LEAST DISRUPTION OCCURS IN NEWLYWEDS WITH NO
  CHILDREN.

41
DIVORCE AND THE FAMILY CYCLE.

• WHEN PARTNERS ARE SINGLE FAIRLY RECENTLY, THEY
  CAN SLIP BACK INTO SINGLE ROLES AND LIFESTYLES
  MORE EASILY THAN THOSE MARRIED FOR A LONG TIME
  AND WITH CHILDREN.

42
THE FUTURE

• PREDICTION IS THAT IN THE FUTURE HALF OF ALL
  MARRIAGES WILL BE DISSOLVED.

43
THE FUTURE

• CRUCIAL ISSUE HOW BEST TO ENSURE THE HEALTHY
  DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN LIVING IN DIVORCED
  FAMILIES.

44
THE FUTURE CONTD

• CHILDREN DO BEST IN CONTINUITY OF
  RELATIONSHIPS..REGULAR CONTACT WITH BOTH PARENTS
  (EXCEPT IN ABUSE CASES).

45
THE FUTURE CONTD

• CHILDREN NEED CONTACT WITH THEIR EXTENDED
  FAMILIES AND ASSURANCE OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT.
• SINGLE PARENTS HAVING TO DO EVERYTHING WILL CAUSE
  SINGLE-PARENT BURNOUT.

46
THE FUTURE CONTD

• FINALLY, SOCIETY MUST SHOW CONCERN FOR THESE
  FAMILIES AND REACH OUT TO ASSIST THEM.

47
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• FRIEDMAN,M., BOWDEN,VICKY., JONES,ELAINE. (2003).
  FAMILY NURSING (5th ed.). NEW JERSEY PRENTICE
  HALL.
• WARD,M.,(2000). THE FAMILY DYNAMIC(3RD ED.).
  TORONTO NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA.