Crosscultural Study of Rhythm Perception and Production

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Cross-cultural Study of Rhythm Perception and
Production

• Makiko Sadakata Peter Desain
• NICI, Radboud University Nijmegen

RPPW 2005, 2-6, July
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Impact of proactive actions

• Musical training have an effect on
• Perception
• Deeper understanding of the structure
• Increased sensitivity to the diverse beat levels
  (Drake, 1993 Drake Penel, 2000)
• Production
• More expressive and consistent timing profiles
• (Drake Palmer, 2000)

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Impact of passive exposure

• Amount of exposure to a certain music style have
  an effect on
• Perception
• Beat levels (Drake El Heni, 2003)
• Detection of altered context (Hannon Trehub,
  2005)
• Perceptual grouping (Iversen, Patel Ohgushi,
  2004)
• Production
• Characteristic performance timing
• (Ohgushi, 2001 Sadakata, Desain Ohgushi, 2004)

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Effect of a non-musical factor?

• Japanese are exposed to western tonal music as
  often as Westerners are.

Speech rhythm plays a role on temporal processing
in music nPVI (Patel Danielle, 2003, Huron
Ollen, 2003 Sadakata Desain, submitted)
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Issues

• Relation between cognitive complexity and the
  degree of the cultural impact.
• This will be clarified using rhythmic stimuli
  labeled according to their cognitive complexity.
• Rhythm perception and production in relation to
  speech rhythm.
• This will be clarified by using the perception
  and production nPVI.

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4 experiments

• Rhythm perception
• (Consistency)
• Rhythm production
• (Familiarity Judgement)
• N36 (18 NL, 18 JP),
• Conservatory piano major students
• Mean age 22

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Rhythm description

• Three-intervals provided by two different forms
• Sound stimuli - performance midi files
• Score stimuli - CMN figures

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Perception Experiment
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Production Experiment
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Sound stimuli
Rhythm Space Desain Honing, 2003
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Syncopation Level(Longuet-Higgins Lee, 1984)

• 0 No syncopation
• I Syncopation strength 0
• II Syncopation strength 1
• III Syncopation strength 2
• IV 2 syncopations

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nPVI

• nPVI (Grave, Post, Watson, 1999) calculates the
  durational variability of successive duration.
• Speech rhythm Stress-timed gt Syllable-timed
• (Grabe Low, 2002)
• Musical rhythm Stress-timed gt Syllable-timed
• (Patel Danielle 2003)

(Japanese) (Japanese?)
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Result Perception 4/4
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Result Perception 6/8
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Result Perception 3/4
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Production
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Production nPVI
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Summary of the result

• Systematic cultural difference only found in
  production.
• Cultural difference was found in more syncopated
  patterns.
• Tendency of the speech nPVI did not account for
  the data.

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Comparison of Syncopation level and nPVI
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Conclusion

• There seems to be a relation between cognitive
  complexity and degree of cultural difference on
  rhythm production.
• A hierarchical mental representation of rhythm
  based on metrical structure corresponds better to
  the data than a serial representation.

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Effect of the time signature

• The effect of the time signature was found in the
  scores having more contrasted syncopation levels
  when presented in 3/4 and 6/8.

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