Lifelong education:

1
Lifelong education The context in terms of road
accidents
CIECA 50th Anniversary Congress, Marseilles 9
June 2006
Gregor BARTL
2
Road traffic fatalities 2004 in the European
Union (killed per 1 Mio Inhabitants)
Source CARE / Statistik Austria
3
Fatalities by type of vehicle in EU
Lorry under 3.5 t
Motor cycle
moped
Car
HGV
bicycle
pedestrian
Bus, Coach
Source CARE / SafetyNET
4
Fatalities in EU decrease over the years, injury
accidents dont (Source CARE)
Female car drivers have more accidents per
kilometres driven, but males accidents are the
more serious ones (Source www.gutefahrt.at)
More male than female pedestrians are killed,
except Finland (Source CARE)
Fatality rate per motor vehicle kilometre is
about 3 times higher on non-motorways than on
motorways. (Source IRTAD / CARE)
5
Fatality rate without seat belt and / or child
restraint is about 8 times higher (Source
Statistik Austria)
How many percent of all personal injury accidents
are fatal, with without wearing seat belt
without belt
8
with belt
1
6
Accidents
Age
7
Austria
Accidents
Age
Source 1.000 random tel. interviews and
Statistik Austria (G. Bartl B. Hager, 2006,
www.gutefahrt.at/institut)
8
Self assigned contributory factors in percent in
male car driver accidents by age
Contributory factors overall 17-24
25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64
65 sign. Inattention 24 27 21
27 21 24 21 - Misjudgment 15 18 14 14 14 14
8 - Visibility problem 11 11 14 8 8 15
5 Driving too fast 8 11 9 12 6 5
1 Tiredness 7 9 6 12 6 3
2 Driving too close 7 9 8 8 6 2
3 Road surface fault 6 4 7 7 5 6
4 - Road layout fault 5 7 5 4 3 8
2 Lack of skill/inexper. 5 15 3 3 2
- - Other/Missing 43 17 44 35 51 44 57 Numbe
r of accidents 965 224
168 179 174
133 115
Contributory factors overall 17-24
25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64
65 sign. Inattention 24 27 21
27 21 24 21 - Misjudgment 15 18 14 14 14 14
8 - Visibility problem 11 11 14 8 8 15
5 Driving too fast 8 11 9 12 6 5
1 Tiredness 7 9 6 12 6 3
2 Driving too close 7 9 8 8 6 2
3 Road surface fault 6 4 7 7 5 6
4 - Road layout fault 5 7 5 4 3 8
2 Lack of skill/inexper. 5 15 3 3 2
- - Other/Missing 43 17 44 35 51 44 57 Numbe
r of accidents 965 224
168 179 174
133 115
1, 5, 10
Maycock, 1995 2002 TRL Report 169 527
9
Main causes of accidents ISource Bartl Hager
(n852 accident interviews)
Inattentiveness
My thoughts
17.0
Conversation in car
4.6
Mobile phone
4.3
Other activity (radio etc.)
3.9
Something interesting in street
2.8
Activity with child in car
1.4
Other inattentiveness
1.6
Sum Inattentiveness
36
10
Main causes of accidents IISource Bartl Hager
(n852 accident interviews)
Speed stress
6.5
Speed thoughtlessness
4.2
3.3
Speed risk, fun, aggression
Sum speed
14
incorrect assessment
14
Margin thoughtlessness
4.9
Margin stress
4.1
1.0
Margin risk, fun, aggression
Sum safety margin
10
Demanding situation
7
Fatigue
5
Others
5
sudden unexpected
9
Sum Inattentiveness
36
100
100
11
Young drivers more frequently have single vehicle
accidents (Source Statistik Austria and other
countries)
Older drivers more frequently have accidents at
crossroads (Source EU-project AGILE)
Accident reduction after two years second phase
in Austria 10 - other drivers only 3 (Source
www.gutefahrt.at)
Safety measures for older drivers ?
12
Accidents, where drivers have fallen asleep
Number of accidents per hour of day
Source Pack et al., 1995 (USA), Accid. Anal. and
Prev.
accidents
accidents
Under 25 years
26 to 45 years
0. . . . . . . . . 8 . . . . . 14. . . . . . . .
. . 23 hour of day
0. . . . . . . . . 8. . . . . 14. . . . . . . .
. . 23 hour of day
accidents
accidents
Older than 65 years
46 to 65 years
0. . . . . . . . . 8 . . . . . 14. . . . . . . .
. . 23 hour of day
0. . . . . . . . . 8 . . . . . 14. . . . . . . .
. . 23 hour of day
13
Driving Test and accidents
Example of Luxembourg (Source Pannacci Margue,
EU-project DAN)
passed Stress
no stress practical
driving at test at test
test the 1 time No accident 63
60 40 One or moreaccidents 83
34 66
14
accident reduction over the years by age and
experience
Driving experience versus youthful character

Accidents
Goal
Age of driving beginners
18
25
30
50
(Maycock, 1991)
15
Youth Research Institute Three categories of
young drivers
Obedient driving, Safety-oriented, Responsible
Controlled driving, Taking sometimes risks,
Confident
Hazard driving, Risk taking constantly,
Speeding
Source René la Cour Sell CEO of The Danish Road
Safety Council
16
13 of the youngsters are responsible for 60
of the accidents
of the red, yellow and green in population
of the red, yellow and green in accidents
Source René la Cour Sell CEO of The Danish Road
Safety Council
17
Accident involvement and lifestyle in percent
(young drivers 18-24 years)

High risk lifestyle group
Low risk lifestyle group
Share of accidents in
SourceHorst Schulze/BASt
Share of lifestyle in
18
SourceBorkenstein-Study and Krueger-Study
alcohol accident risk
Promille
0
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,4
1,5
19
Alkohol Blick 1
Drink driving
20
Alkohol Blick 2
Drink driving
Eye movements- sober
- About .07 BAC
Source Bartl et al., 1998
21
Alkohol Blick 2
Drink driving
Eye movements- sober
- About .07 BAC
Source Bartl et al., 1998
22
Abstand Egoist
Concerning the safety margin I am selfish ! 2
seconds for my safety
For whom do I keep the safety margin ?
23
Abstand Egoist
Concerning the safety margin I am selfish ! 2
Seconds for my safety