On The Tandem Project Integration with INSPIRE ESDI

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On The Tandem () ProjectIntegration with
INSPIRE (ESDI)

• Lars H. BackerStatistics Sweden and the Tandem
  consortium

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3 fundamental Questions

• Why a ESDI
• A question of defining user needs?
• What do we mean by a ESDI
• A question of formulating a set of
  specifications?
• How to implement the ESDI
• A question of design and implementation?

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Why To satisfy User needs

• A deductive and an inductive method

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Theory

• Deductive
• Top down (ad hoc) approach to design and
  implementation.
• Suitable to describe large markets with a large
  number of different actors whose needs are
  difficult to describe.
• Inductive
• Bottom up approach to design and implementation.
• Suitable to describe large markets with a limited
  number of similar actors whose needs are
  difficult but possible to describe.
• Both and or Either or?
• Apply both at the same time? Is that feasible?

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Practice

• A deductive method
• That the INSPIRE initiative appears to be
  primarily based on an deductive method.
• For a mass market of small users (citizens and a
  certain group from representatives from business
  and industry).
• Cannot be based on dependable descriptions of a
  large and heterogenous group of user needs.
• Difficult to make good impact asessments when
  using this approach..
• An inductive method
• We suggest supportive studies based on an
  inductive method.
• For a mass market of small users (government and
  a certain group from representatives from
  business and industry).
• Can be based on dependable descriptions of a
  small but important group of users needs.
• Dependable mehods for impact asessment when using
  this approach.

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To understand processes
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A two way process
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The users processes

• System starts and end with the recipient
  processes
• User needs the start and end of every action
• Feedback Process
• Capture data in indicators
• Analyse results
• Evaluate in relation to the systems project
• Forward process
• Create scenarioes
• Design a solution
• Inplement the solution
• We as suppliers contribute to the feedback
  process
• Mapping agencies and Statistical institutes

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What A spatial data infrastructure

• The description and analysis of
• systems of interacting objects

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Theory

• Spatial data
• We believe that the need for spatial data for
  development calls for both data for description
  ans analysis. We believe that INSPIRE initiative
  contains a comprehensive catalog of data for
  spatial description, but have little mention of
  analytical data (point and area based
  geo-statistics).
• Spatial data infrastructure
• The spatial data infrastructure seem to be
  neglecting the idea that it is providing models
  of man-environmental systems. These should be
  described both as kits of parts (as INSPIRE
  does, but gives no thoretical support to the idea
  e.g. the object approach), and as an interacting
  whole (as INSPIRE does not, and expresses no
  need for a system approach)

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Practice

• Spatial data
• That the INSPIRE initiative has made a broad
  inventory of descriptive information but has
  neglected the uses for an infrastructure for
  analysis.
• We need a system for the analysis of point based
  data (Eurogrids)
• We need a system for the analysis of area based
  data (Euroblobs?)
• Spatial data infrastructure
• That an infrastructure for both descriptive and
  analytic information data must be normalised and
  firmly based on a network of standards.
• We need a spatial infrastructure in terms of a
  method (based on systems theory) to describe
  systems as Interacting wholes.
• We need a spatial infrastructure in terms of a
  method (based on object theory) to describe
  systems as Kit of parts.

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Spatial Data

• Spatial Data for descriptive geographies
• Descriptive data in the focus of the INSPIRE
  initiative
• Aggregations that stay relatively constant over
  time. Map features in descriptive geographies are
  the results of previous analysis where the data
  connection is dropped.
• Used mainly as background reference
• Spatial Data for analytical geographies
• Analytical data not in the focus of the INSPIRE
  initiative
• Aggregations that change relatively fast. Map
  features in analytical geographies are the result
  of analytical processes where the data connection
  is maintained.
• Needed for playing what if..

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Spatial Data Infrastructure

• Infrastructure for descriptive Geografies
• Described by the INSPIRE initiative.
• Infrastructure for analytical Geografies
• Point based systems Objects/aggregations that
  are too small to be presented as areas. (Points
  are therefore in these situations represented by
  the center point of an area.)We need a system to
  describe and analyse clusters of points. This
  calls for a system of Grids.
• Area based systemsObjects/aggregations that are
  too large to be presented as points. (Areas are
  therefore in these situations reptresented as the
  boundaries around points.)We need a system to
  describe and analyse clusters of Areas. This
  calls for a system of small statistical areas..

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Infrastructure Data

• The description and analysis of
• systems of interacting objects

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A shared harmionized dataset
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Infrastructure Features (1)

• We need to agree on the most important aspects of
  a system of irregular tessellations.

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A system of small statistical areas(with their
centroids)
Areas
Points
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Infrastructure Features (2)

• We need to agree on the most important aspects of
  a system of regular tessellations.

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A system of grids
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Regular tessellations(Grid Points and Areas)

• A hierarchy of discrete Grid systems
• A Tiling method for the local system
• A Geografic Reference system
• A system of Grids
• A Coding system

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1. A system of diskrete Grids

• A discrete global Grid system
• To describe the world in space. (Used with 3D
  models of the Earth)
• A discrete Local Grid system
• To describe a part of the Earths surface.(Used
  for urban and regional planning etc.)
• A Cartesian grid system
• To describe a part of the worlds surface that is
  so small that the Earths curvature is of no
  consquence. (Used for building projects)

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2. A regular Tiling method
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3. A System of Grids

• A system / hierarchy of windows
• A system of primary Grids
• A system of secondary Grids

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4. A Spatial reference system

• A standard reference System
• A Standard Datum (ETRF 89)
• A Standard equal-area projection system for
  storing spatial data (Lambert Azimutal Equal Area
  Projection)
• A Standard Coordinate system (Angular or
  chartesian)
• A series of ezual area Map projections
• ETRS Lambert Azimutal Equal Area Coordinate
  reference system)
• UTM

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5. The coordinate based coding system

• There are two general approaches to the
  construction of coordinatebased coding systems
• The Minimum_xMinimum_Y method.
• A 1000x1000 km grid is in a 6-digit system coded
  as x1y1
• A 1000x1000 km grid is in a 6-digit system coded
  as x1x2y1y2
• A 1000x1000 km grid is in a 6-digit system coded
  as x1x2yx31y2y3
• Etc.
• The x1y1x2y2.xnyn method
• A 1000x1000 km grid is in a 6-digit system coded
  as x1y1
• A 100x100 km grid is in a 6-digit system coded as
  x1y1x2y2
• A 100x100 km grid is in a 6-digit system coded as
  x1y1x2y2x3y3
• Etc

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Infrastructure Methods

• The most important is a shared method for
  delineation with both total registers and samplig
  databases.

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Delineation methods important (krieging methods)
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How Implementation

• Interacting wholes and Kits of parts

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Theory

• A Kit of parts
• In theory a system must be built as a kit of
  parts.
• Under reductonism we believed that complex
  systems may be described in terms of its parts.
  But in order to build one you have to describe it
  in this manner.
• An Interacting whole
• Every complex system is used, and have to be
  described in terms of interacting wholes.
• It is crurrently argued that a system described
  as an interacting whole is much more than the sum
  of its parts and must be descrbed as such.

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Practice

• Kit of parts (structures in focus)
• That the solution is structured as a kit of
  parts consisting of three basic components that
  may be implemented one at the time.
• E-ESDI
• I-ESDI
• H-ESDI
• This process may very well start with the E-ESDI,
  but not without a view to the whole.
• Interacting whole (processes in focus)
• That we build a solution for a spatial data
  infrastructure as an integrated whole. This
  calls for an integrated design approach.
• The INSPIRE initiative presents no design for an
  ESDI that describes the system in all its parts
  (e.g. interaction between an E-ESDI an H-ESDI and
  a I-ESDI). But it will have to in order to make
  it work in cross border situations.

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A series of itterations

• A Design Phase
• We believe that we have passed the design phase.
• Iterations
• A Prototype Phase
• We have the framework for a prototype to a system
  in the Nordic Grids system
• Iterations
• An Implementation phase
• We should take the initiative towards an
  implementation phase
• Iterations

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E-ESDI Structures
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I-ESDI Structures
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H-ESDI Processes

• Human processes
• Night-time population
• Population in the role of Residents
• Day-time population
• Population on the role of Civic Citizens
• Population in the role of Employees and
  Entrepereneurs
• Day-time Night-time populations
• The grater part of the total building mass
  (stuctures described by descriptive geographies)

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Summary

• Recapitulation

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Summary Three objections

• Why User needs in focus
• We suggest that the deductive method used for
  mapping user needs involves high risks and should
  be complemented with an inductive method based
  on case studies that focus on main users
  processes.
• What More case studies
• Concerning spatial data infrastructures the
  INSPIRE initiative has not presented a clear
  theoretically supported and empirically founded
  design for the ESDI product. The solution
  should satisfy the needs for both descriptive and
  analytical geographies.
• We suggest that the INSPIRE initiative be firmly
  based on an integrated system for describing
  man-environmental systems as both interacting
  wholes (systems theories) and kits of parts
  (object descriptions).
• How An integrated whole
• We suggest that the Inspire present an integrated
  solution an ESDI that in cludes all three main
  components. An E-ESDI, a H-ESDI and a I-ESDI. The
  E-ESDI could very well be implmented first.

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The Tandem should be integrated with ESDI
(Inspire)

• The Inspire should have narrower but more
  comprehensive focus
• Tandem should be recognised as the voice of the
  statistical institutes.
• The Nordic grids could, as the first
  comprehensive System of small area statistics,
  function as a prototype for a European system.

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Summary

• Better, clearer, shorter descriptions of the Why
• Deductive method
• Inductive method
• Better, clearer, shorter descriptions of What
• A system of small Statistical areas (Irregular)
• Perifery
• Centre point
• A system of small statistyical areas (Regular)
• Perifery
• Centre Point
• Better, clearer, shorter descriptions of How
• A Design Phase
• A Prototype phase
• An Implementation Phase