Title: Teaching English in Russia
1Teaching English in Russia
- Zoya Proshina
- Institute of Foreign Languages,
- Far Eastern National University,
- Vladivostok, Russia
2Language Situation in Russia
- Over 100 languages
- Russian state / national language
- 30 other official language (in autonomous
republics regions)
3Sakha Autonomous Republic
- 2 national languages - Russian and Yakut
- 5 official languages Even, Evenki, Yukagir,
Chukot, and Dolgan - 1 official working language English since 2000
4Historical context
- An educated person
- well-read
- foreign
languages -
-
(A.Pavlovskaya. History of Foreign Language
Education in Russia.)
5- 19th century French
- 1900-1950 German
- Since 1950s EFL at secondary schools
- Self-sufficiency in the closed society
- Perestroika gt EL boom
- Economic needs
6Educational context
- 19th century Private education learn to speak
by speaking (nurses, governesses) - 1950-70s Primary goal reading translation. FL
as an outlet, gate to the outside world. - 1980s-until now intercultural communication in
oral and writing forms
7Preschools
- Non-mandatory classes
- 5-year-olds and earlier
8Secondary Schools
- General Comprehensive Secondary School (525 hrs /
3 hrs a week) - 5th -11th grades (normal)
- 1st 11th grades (experimental)
- Intensive English Schools (4-6 hrs /wk)
- 2nd -11th grades
9- Foreign Language
- is a mandatory subject
- at school,
- English being one of them.
10Interview of R.Line, Great Britain Ambassador to
Russia
- Today about
- 85 of Russian students study English in cities,
- 70 - in towns,
- 60 in villages.
-
11Teachers
- Local
- Peace Corps volunteers (1992-2002)
- At universities occasional EL grantees and
fellows
12Model of ELT
- European part of Russia
- British English
- Asian part of Russia
- American English lt British English
135-7 grade curriculum in FL
148-9 grade curriculum in FL
15Final Exams
- National unified exam
- Listening
- Reading
- Vocabulary and Grammar
- Writing
- Speaking
- Centralized test
- School tests
16University Enrollment
- Entrance exam for humanities majors
- National unified exam
- Centralized test
- Tutoring
- Preparatory training courses
17Universities
- The Bologna process diploma convertability
adapting to Europe - Three types of diplomas
- Bachelor degree (4 yrs)
- Specialist (5 yrs)
- Master degree (6 yrs)
18(No Transcript)
19English for Majors
- Groups of 10-15 students
- 4-5-6 years
- 10-14 hours/week
- Aspects
- Speaking
- Listening
- Reading (home-reading individual reading)
- Writing
- Grammar
- Vocabulary
- Rhetorics
- Linguistics (General L., Theory of E.Grammar,
E.Phonetics, E.Lexicology, E.Stylistics,
Pragmatics, Translation Theory)
20English for Non-Majors
- Groups of 15-40 students
- 2 years optional 2 years
- 4 hrs/week
- Non-aspective T/L
- Content-based education
21Post-university degree
- FL exam
- reading / translating
- speaking on the research theme
- no writing
22Functional context
- Inter-economic
- transnational companies
- business with foreign partners
- Intercultural
- information about other countries
- information about Russia
23Intercultural usage of English
24Intermediary translationof Chinese, Japanese,
and Korean words from English into Russian
Intermediary translation is translation from an
English variety used by non-native speakers,
i.e. from ELF. e.g., Chinese -gt China English -gt
Russian
25China Daily
- The Sino-Russian Suifenhe-Bogelanqinei Trade
Complex - Bogelanqinei Pogranichnyi
- B lt P
- L lt R
- Q lt CH
- -gel- lt -gr-, -qin- lt -chn-
26Difficulties of Intermediary Translation
- Irregular spelling
- Spelling variations
- From English or from Japanese?
- Qigong
- Xianggang
- Tai-chi / tai-ji
- Chikung / qigong
- Tao / Dao
- Hangul / hangeul
- Sushi
- C??? / ????
27Course of East-Asian Englishes at FENU
- Pluricentricity of English and basics of the
World Englishes theory - Brief description of Chinese, Japanese, and
Korean Englishes, their development, status, and
specifics. - Systems of Romanization in China, Japan, Korea
- Correlations between Cyrillic and Romanized
writing systems that exist in these Asian
countries. - Asian loan words in English, their assimilation.
- Translating texts on Asian cultures
28Moscow State University
- School of Foreign Languages.
- 2001 new speciality Russia (Department of
Regional Studies) - Those who know foreign languages have not
studied Russia enough. - (Prof. Svetlana Ter-Minasova)
29St. Petersburg SchoolVictor V. Kabakchi
- GLASNOST ltl/2gt political "the policy or practice
of more open consultative government of
information, esp. in the Soviet Union since 1985
Russ. ?????????, literally, publicity,
openness." (OEED) - ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???????????
????? ? ?????? ??????????? (OED 1972), ???????
??? ???? ?????? ????. - ?. g. The world, having learned the word
glasnost last year, now twisted its tongues
around perestroika. (Newsweek 04.01.1988 summing
up the year of 1987) ltgt The U.S.S.R. that
mystery inside an enigma that so fascinated
Americans in this Year of Glasnost is
celebrating its seventh decade... (Life Jan 1988) - As well known as that word has become around the
world, there is still no English translation that
fully carries its Russian meaning. It is usually
translated as 'openness', but it is both more
than that and less than that. (Gorbachev 1988, p.
145) - GLASNOST and PERESTROIKA
- Perestroika and glasnost, glasnost and
perestroika. They will still be secure in the
vocabularies of all the languages of the world
long after the children of the Soviet Union and
its satellites have begun to ask 'Mummy, who was
Lenin?' or for that matter 'Mummy, who was
Gorbachev?' (Keith Waterhouse 'Just Two Big
Words', Daily Mail 22.08.1991)
30Natalya Yuzefovich, Khabarovsk
31Englishization of Russian
- Direct borrowings
- Syntactic calques
- Hybrids
- Corporative mixture
32Direct Borrowings into Russian
- Business promotion, advertiser, head-hunter,
shopping, management - Communication internet, web-design, on-line,
display, fax, computer, mass media - Administration speaker, grant
- Policy electorate, consensus, pluralism
- Mass media entertainment talkshow, daily,
publicity, DJ, rap, hip-hop, single - Food cheeseburger, pepsi, cola, french-fries
33Syntactic calquesN N
- ????????-???? lt internet café
- ???????-??? lt karaoke bar
- ???-????????????? lt web-administrator
- ????-???????? lt office-manager
34Hybrids
- ???less by Sergei Minayev
- ?????????? (rumor-maker),
- ???????????? (priceless)
35Russification
- ????? lt BUCKS?
- ??????? lt CLICK??? (to click the mouse)
- ???????? lt BIKER?? (female biker)
- ??????? lt PR??? (a PR person)
36Corporative Mixing Jargon
- ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??
???????????? ???????????? ??????. ? ?????????,
??????????? ??????. ?????? ??????, ? ?? ??????,
??? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ??????????
??????? ? ???????. ? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???????.
???????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?
??????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??
???????.
- HRs are bound to motivate sale agents to develop
communica-tion skills. Presenta-tion skills, in
particular. Skills, not knowledge, as somebody
may think, enhance success in business. And it is
not just profit that matters. You can benefit
from work by getting mere satisfaction which all
of us lack so much.
37Nativization of English
- New words and collocations
- unpleasantries
- home task ( home assignment),
- foreign passport (for traveling abroad)
- state university (national university)
- heroine mother (having 5 and more children)
- Palace of Culture (community center)
- Candidate of Science (Russian PhD)
38Change of meaning
- scientific conference (academic research)
- hostess (geishawaitress)
- Gymnasium (type of school)
- New Russians (rich)
- social work (unpaid work)
39Russian mentality in English syntax
- Imperative Read the text.
- Over-emphasized negation Do not disappear (lt
Stay in touch). I think I cannot do that. (lt I
dont think I can do that.) - Double negation It is not possible not to see
the complexity of the problem. - Affirmative and negative disagreement Yes, I
wont be able to do it. No, you can call me any
time.
40Russian students preference of the variety of
English to study
41Faculty preference for varieties of English to be
taught
42Facultys self-labeling of the variety of their
English
43- Russia English acrolect
- Russian English mesolect
- Ruslish basilect
44Deviations mistakes?
- Deviation is the result of a productive process
which marks the typical variety-specific
features and it is systematic within a variety,
and not idiosyncratic. - (Kachru 1983 81)