Urban Economics 3 Urban Transportation

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Urban Economics (3)Urban Transportation

• Dr. Sieglinde Amelia Walter
• Ingolstadt 2008

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Contents
Urban Transportation

• The production of commuter transportation
• Autos and Highways
• Characteristics
• The regulation of commuter transportation
• Problems
• Mass Transit

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The Production of Commuter Transportation
Urban Transportation

• land use
• reproducible capital
• labour
• travel time

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Choice of Mode in Transportation
Urban Transportation
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Effect of a Rise in Money Costs on Choice of Mode
Urban Transportation
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Effect of a Rise in Time Costs on Choice of Mode
Urban Transportation
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Autos and Highways Commuting Patterns and Auto
Use
Urban Transportation

• Type of Commute Trip Percent of all
  trips Percent Driving Alone
• Central city to central city 33.1 56.1
• Central city to suburb 6.8 69.2
• Suburb to central city 20.1 68.1
• Suburb to suburb 40.1 69.7
• Total 100 64.9
• Source U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980 Census of
  Population Journey to Work

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The cost of the commuting
Urban Transportation

• the monetary travel costs
• the private and social costs of travel

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Traffic volume, Travel Time, Travel Costs, and
Congestion Externalities
Urban Transportation
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Congestion Equilibrium versus Optimum Traffic
Volume
Urban Transportation
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The Regulation of Commuter Transportation
Urban Transportation

• Congestion Tax
• Taxes on Auto Use
• - Gasoline Tax
• - Parking Fees
• - Congestion Zones and Permits

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Transportation Problems
Urban Transportation

• Congestion
• Pollution

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Mass Transit Commuting Patterns and Public
Transit Use
Urban Transportation
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Public Transit Ridership Travel Modes
Urban Transportation

• Buses
• Trolley coaches
• Light rail streetcars
• Heavy rail subways, elevated trains, railroad

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Public Transit Ridership USA 1940-1980 (numbers
in thousands)
Urban Transportation

• Year Total Rides Heavy Rail Light Rail
• 1940 13,098 2,382 5,943
• 1950 17,246 2,264 3,904
• 1960 9,395 1,850 463
• 1970 7,332 1,881 235
• 1980 8,228 2,290 107

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Public Transit Ridership Results of Empirical
Studies
Urban Transportation

• Price inelasticity
• Time elasticities
• Value of travel time
• Noncommuting trips

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Costs of Travel Modes
Urban Transportation

• Collection cost
• Line-haud Cost
• Distribution Cost
• Monetary cost
• Parking cost
• Wage of the commuter

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Costs of Travel Modes and Modal Choice
Urban Transportation

• Auto Bus
• Collection cost
• Collection Time (minutes) 0 10
• Cost per minute () 0.30 0.30
• Collection time cost () 0 3.00
• Line-haul cost
• Line-haul time (minutes)
  40 50
• Cost per minute () 0.10 0.10
• Line-haul time costs () 4.00 5.00
• Distribution cost
• Distribution time (minutes) 0 5
• Cost per minute () 0.30 0.30
• Distribution time cost () 0 1.50
• Monetary cost 2.00 1.00
• Parking cost 3.00 0
• Total time cost (minutes) 4.00 9.50
• Total monetary cost () 5.00 1.00
• Total cost 9.00 10.50

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Conditions Favoring the Choice of Mass Transit
Urban Transportation

• Proximity to stops and stations
• Low opportunity cost
• Low walking cost
• Disutility of driving
• no automobile

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Costs of Transportation System
Urban Transportation

• costs of auto system
• costs of bus system
• costs of light rail system
•  

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Subsidies for Mass Transit
Urban Transportation
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Deregulation The Private Provision of Transport
Urban Transportation

• Contracting for Transit Services
• Entry and Competition

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Urban Economics

• sieglinde.walter_at_ku-eichstaett.de