Title: Psychoanalysis
1Psychoanalysis
2Background
- Founder Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
- Grew up in Vienna then migrated to London
- A medical doctor, and a psychiatrist
- Workaholic
- A prolific writer
- Neurotic symptoms
3Highlights of Freuds Background
- Studied with famous neurologist, Charcot
Hysteria and hypnosis - Together with Joseph Breuer, the first doctors to
do talk therapy for treating psychological
disorders - 1986 for the first time used the word
psychoanalysis - Revised his theory many times
- His theory controversial but influential
- Interpretation of Dreams Self analysis
4Highlights of Freuds Background
- Laid the foundation for the profession of
psychology and the practice of psychotherapy - Cancer of jaw
- Terminated his life using a lethal dose of
morphine - Anna, his youngest daughter, as his intellectual
successor
5Basic Philosophy
- --------------- view of human nature
- Behaviour a production of conflicts between
--------------------------------------------------
------------- - Kids are sexual beings have --------------------
--------------------------------------------------
-- - Personality is determined
6Basic Philosophy (cont.)
- Psychopathology results from conflicts among
--------------------------------------------------
-------- - Illusion of a psychic freedom
- Emphasizing the power of the unconscious
- Unconscious is evident in ----------------------
7Human Motivation
- Instincts of self-preservation, sex, destruction
- Instinctual unconscious urges are not acceptable
by the society and the conscious mind
8Central ConstructsInstinct Theory
- Innate instinctual urges, resulting from
evolutionary heritage - Two instincts
- Eros (
- Libido
- At birth-------------------------
- Fixation of libido is a result of-----------------
----- - Trauma can lead to the regression
- Thanatos
9Central Constructs Instinct Theory (cont.)
- Urges must be expressed, so that
- Instincts can be expressed through
10Central ConstructsTopographic Model
- Called also the Iceberg approach
- Unconscious thought
- Subconscious
- Conscious thought
11Central Constructs Iceberg Approach
Conscious
Unconscious
12Central Constructs Id
- Unconscious
- Instincts psychical energy
13Central Constructs Ego
- Mediating between id superego
- Partly conscious
14Central Constructs Superego
- Ego-ideal
- Conscienceness
- Controlling/inhibiting the id
- The internalization of
-
15Central ConstructsRepression
- Pushing unacceptable material to the
unconscious.and keeping it there!
16Central Constructs Symptoms as Symbols
- Symptoms represent
- Psychic conflict
- Symptoms serve
- The purpose of sexual gratification for the
patient
17Central Constructs Defence Mechanisms
- Unconscious material is threatening to break into
the conscious mind - ? Anxiety signals this threat
-
18Central Constructs Defence Mechanisms
- Repression
- Displacement
- Denial
- Rationalization
- Identification/with the aggressor
- Projection
- Reaction formation
- Sublimation
- Regression
19Theory of the Human Development
20Theory of the Human Development
- Oedipus complex
- Electra complex
- Castration anxiety
- Penis envy
21Theory of the Human Development
- Fixation (if ----------------) E.g.,
22Health Dysfunction
- Freuds ideas are based on his patients
- Most of his patients were a very narrow sample of
clients
23Health Dysfunction
- Healthy people
- Able to love and work
- minimal level of ---------
24Health Dysfunction
- Dysfunctional people
- Unresolved unconscious conflicts, especially
conflicts with Oedipal nature - Dysfunction arises ------------
- Activating ---------------
25Health Dysfunction
- Dysfunction
- --------- as the basis of dysfunction
- Three types of anxiety
- Neurotic Anxiety
- Moral Anxiety
- Realistic Anxiety
- The most important anxiety in Freuds work
26Health Dysfunction
- Types of Dysfunction
- Hysteria
- Phobias
- Obsessive compulsive neurosis
- Psychoses
27Health Dysfunction
- Types of Dysfunction
- Depression
- Melancholia
- Mourning
28Health Dysfunction
- Good clients Able to work through unconscious
conflicts
29Nature of Therapy
- Assessment
- Important in psychoanalysis
- Freud Informal approaches to doing assessment
- 1st stage
- 2nd stage
- The most suitable clients
- Contemporary psychoanalysis
30Nature of Therapy
- Therapeutic Atmosphere
- The purpose
- Hypnosis
- Catharsis, or emotional expression
- Therapist
- Analytic couch, and the analyst sitting behind it
- Freud primary analytical technique
- Revealing everything that comes to the mind, even
if seems unimportant or nonsense
31Nature of Therapy
- Role of Counselor Client
- Counsellor
- The therapist decides ----------------------------
- - Like a surgeon
- The psychoanalyst should first undergo analyses
themselves
32Nature of Therapy
- Goal
- Redirecting energy to conscious processes
- ?Reduce ----------
- ?Strengthening ------------
- Symptom removal is
- The ultimate goal is
33Process of TherapySome Important Concepts
- The counselor teaches the client to think in
psychoanalytic terms - Resistance
-
- Transference
34Process of TherapySome Important Concepts
- Counter-transference
- Should be resolved by seeking the aid of a
professional consultant
35Process of TherapyPhases of Therapy
- Opening Phase
- Development of Transference
- Working Through
- Resolution of Transference
36Phases of TherapyOpening Phase
- Face-to-face sessions
- Lasts 3 to 6 months
37Phases of Therapy Development of Transference
- Transference begins to happen
- Client starts to transfer her feelings associated
with past significant others to the therapist
38Phases of Therapy Working Through
- Repeated and more elaborate analysis of the
transference - Client becomes more confident about the
relationship between her current thoughts,
feeling, and behviour and her past
39Phases of Therapy Resolution of Transference
- Analyst decides that client has insight into
her/his conflicts and the transference process - Then a date is set for termination of therapy
- At this stage a ----------------------------------
-- - This event is then analyzed by therapist client
- New memories are raised and interpreted
- Therapy ends
40Therapeutic Techniques
- Few but powerful techniques
- Free Association ----------------
- Interpretation (---------------------------
- Premature interpretation leads to resistance, so
it should be avoided - At early stages concerns -----------------
- At later stages --------------------------
- The client should finally see that her bahaviour
is based on -------------
41Therapeutic Techniques
- Analysis of resistance, e.g., -------------------
- The symptoms begin to disappear and the client
thinks she is getting well - Dream Analysis
- Manifest latent content of dream
- See page 55 of textbook for meaning of some
symbols
42Therapeutic Techniques
- Analysis of Transference
- Start interpretations with the -------------------
------- - Early transference is often ----------------------
- - Later on transference become ---------------------
-- - Showing to the client that these feelings are
rooted in the past - Transference pops up again and again in the
relationship, and needs to be resolved - Called working through
43Related Links Journal
- Journal Journal of psychoanalysis
- American Psychoanalytic Association
http//apsa.org - International Psychoanalytic Association
http//www.ipa.org.uk - www.psychematters.com/papers.html