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Psychoanalysis

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Together with Joseph Breuer, the first doctors to do 'talk therapy' ... Mourning. Health & Dysfunction. Good clients: Able to work through unconscious conflicts ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Psychoanalysis


1
Psychoanalysis
  • Chapter 2

2
Background
  • Founder Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
  • Grew up in Vienna then migrated to London
  • A medical doctor, and a psychiatrist
  • Workaholic
  • A prolific writer
  • Neurotic symptoms

3
Highlights of Freuds Background
  • Studied with famous neurologist, Charcot
    Hysteria and hypnosis
  • Together with Joseph Breuer, the first doctors to
    do talk therapy for treating psychological
    disorders
  • 1986 for the first time used the word
    psychoanalysis
  • Revised his theory many times
  • His theory controversial but influential
  • Interpretation of Dreams Self analysis

4
Highlights of Freuds Background
  • Laid the foundation for the profession of
    psychology and the practice of psychotherapy
  • Cancer of jaw
  • Terminated his life using a lethal dose of
    morphine
  • Anna, his youngest daughter, as his intellectual
    successor

5
Basic Philosophy
  • --------------- view of human nature
  • Behaviour a production of conflicts between
    --------------------------------------------------
    -------------
  • Kids are sexual beings have --------------------
    --------------------------------------------------
    --
  • Personality is determined

6
Basic Philosophy (cont.)
  • Psychopathology results from conflicts among
    --------------------------------------------------
    --------
  • Illusion of a psychic freedom
  • Emphasizing the power of the unconscious
  • Unconscious is evident in ----------------------

7
Human Motivation
  • Instincts of self-preservation, sex, destruction
  • Instinctual unconscious urges are not acceptable
    by the society and the conscious mind

8
Central ConstructsInstinct Theory
  • Innate instinctual urges, resulting from
    evolutionary heritage
  • Two instincts
  • Eros (
  • Libido
  • At birth-------------------------
  • Fixation of libido is a result of-----------------
    -----
  • Trauma can lead to the regression
  • Thanatos

9
Central Constructs Instinct Theory (cont.)
  • Urges must be expressed, so that
  • Instincts can be expressed through

10
Central ConstructsTopographic Model
  • Called also the Iceberg approach
  • Unconscious thought
  • Subconscious
  • Conscious thought

11
Central Constructs Iceberg Approach
Conscious
Unconscious
12
Central Constructs Id
  • Unconscious
  • Instincts psychical energy

13
Central Constructs Ego
  • Mediating between id superego
  • Partly conscious

14
Central Constructs Superego
  • Ego-ideal
  • Conscienceness
  • Controlling/inhibiting the id
  • The internalization of

15
Central ConstructsRepression
  • Pushing unacceptable material to the
    unconscious.and keeping it there!

16
Central Constructs Symptoms as Symbols
  • Symptoms represent
  • Psychic conflict
  • Symptoms serve
  • The purpose of sexual gratification for the
    patient

17
Central Constructs Defence Mechanisms
  • Unconscious material is threatening to break into
    the conscious mind
  • ? Anxiety signals this threat

18
Central Constructs Defence Mechanisms
  • Repression
  • Displacement
  • Denial
  • Rationalization
  • Identification/with the aggressor
  • Projection
  • Reaction formation
  • Sublimation
  • Regression

19
Theory of the Human Development
20
Theory of the Human Development
  • Oedipus complex
  • Electra complex
  • Castration anxiety
  • Penis envy

21
Theory of the Human Development
  • Fixation (if ----------------) E.g.,

22
Health Dysfunction
  • Freuds ideas are based on his patients
  • Most of his patients were a very narrow sample of
    clients

23
Health Dysfunction
  • Healthy people
  • Able to love and work
  • minimal level of ---------

24
Health Dysfunction
  • Dysfunctional people
  • Unresolved unconscious conflicts, especially
    conflicts with Oedipal nature
  • Dysfunction arises ------------
  • Activating ---------------

25
Health Dysfunction
  • Dysfunction
  • --------- as the basis of dysfunction
  • Three types of anxiety
  • Neurotic Anxiety
  • Moral Anxiety
  • Realistic Anxiety
  • The most important anxiety in Freuds work

26
Health Dysfunction
  • Types of Dysfunction
  • Hysteria
  • Phobias
  • Obsessive compulsive neurosis
  • Psychoses

27
Health Dysfunction
  • Types of Dysfunction
  • Depression
  • Melancholia
  • Mourning

28
Health Dysfunction
  • Good clients Able to work through unconscious
    conflicts

29
Nature of Therapy
  • Assessment
  • Important in psychoanalysis
  • Freud Informal approaches to doing assessment
  • 1st stage
  • 2nd stage
  • The most suitable clients
  • Contemporary psychoanalysis

30
Nature of Therapy
  • Therapeutic Atmosphere
  • The purpose
  • Hypnosis
  • Catharsis, or emotional expression
  • Therapist
  • Analytic couch, and the analyst sitting behind it
  • Freud primary analytical technique
  • Revealing everything that comes to the mind, even
    if seems unimportant or nonsense

31
Nature of Therapy
  • Role of Counselor Client
  • Counsellor
  • The therapist decides ----------------------------
    -
  • Like a surgeon
  • The psychoanalyst should first undergo analyses
    themselves

32
Nature of Therapy
  • Goal
  • Redirecting energy to conscious processes
  • ?Reduce ----------
  • ?Strengthening ------------
  • Symptom removal is
  • The ultimate goal is

33
Process of TherapySome Important Concepts
  • The counselor teaches the client to think in
    psychoanalytic terms
  • Resistance
  • Transference

34
Process of TherapySome Important Concepts
  • Counter-transference
  • Should be resolved by seeking the aid of a
    professional consultant

35
Process of TherapyPhases of Therapy
  • Opening Phase
  • Development of Transference
  • Working Through
  • Resolution of Transference

36
Phases of TherapyOpening Phase
  • Face-to-face sessions
  • Lasts 3 to 6 months

37
Phases of Therapy Development of Transference
  • Transference begins to happen
  • Client starts to transfer her feelings associated
    with past significant others to the therapist

38
Phases of Therapy Working Through
  • Repeated and more elaborate analysis of the
    transference
  • Client becomes more confident about the
    relationship between her current thoughts,
    feeling, and behviour and her past

39
Phases of Therapy Resolution of Transference
  • Analyst decides that client has insight into
    her/his conflicts and the transference process
  • Then a date is set for termination of therapy
  • At this stage a ----------------------------------
    --
  • This event is then analyzed by therapist client
  • New memories are raised and interpreted
  • Therapy ends

40
Therapeutic Techniques
  • Few but powerful techniques
  • Free Association ----------------
  • Interpretation (---------------------------
  • Premature interpretation leads to resistance, so
    it should be avoided
  • At early stages concerns -----------------
  • At later stages --------------------------
  • The client should finally see that her bahaviour
    is based on -------------

41
Therapeutic Techniques
  • Analysis of resistance, e.g., -------------------
  • The symptoms begin to disappear and the client
    thinks she is getting well
  • Dream Analysis
  • Manifest latent content of dream
  • See page 55 of textbook for meaning of some
    symbols

42
Therapeutic Techniques
  • Analysis of Transference
  • Start interpretations with the -------------------
    -------
  • Early transference is often ----------------------
    -
  • Later on transference become ---------------------
    --
  • Showing to the client that these feelings are
    rooted in the past
  • Transference pops up again and again in the
    relationship, and needs to be resolved
  • Called working through

43
Related Links Journal
  • Journal Journal of psychoanalysis
  • American Psychoanalytic Association
    http//apsa.org
  • International Psychoanalytic Association
    http//www.ipa.org.uk
  • www.psychematters.com/papers.html
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