Dalmation toadflax

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Dalmation toadflax
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Diffuse knapweed

• Annual, biennial, or short lived perennial
• Flower usually white but can be pink to lavender
• Seedhead bracts have rigid spines

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Diffuse knapweed
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Dyers woad

• Biennial or perennial
• Flowers are small yellow and have 4 petals
• Seed pods are black and ½ inch long. Each pod
  contains one seed

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Dyers woad
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Field inspection minimum standards

• Minimum of 2 entry points per field
• Minimum of 1 entry point per 10 acres
• Each point of entry shall be at least 150 ft into
  field each additional 150 ft traveled shall
  constitute an entry point.
• Inspect for all fifty-four NAWMA designated weeds.

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Field inspection continued

• Travel shall be uninterrupted. Proceeding
  through the field being inspected.
• Entire border shall be walked or driven.
• Field inspected within 10 days prior to harvest.

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Field inspection continued

• Storage area shall also be inspected and meet the
  standards.
• An inspector may not inspect fields of which said
  inspector has ownership or financial interest.

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Field inspection

• Forage shall be inspected in the field of origin,
  prior to cutting or harvesting, by proper
  official or authority.
• Field shall include, surrounding ditches, fence
  rows, roads, easement, rights-of-way, or buffer
  zones surrounding field.

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Field inspection

• Forage will be inspected so that there are no
  propagating parts or danger of producing a new
  plant from seed or any part of the noxious or
  undesirable plant.

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Field inspection

• Noxious weed(s) or undesirable plant species was
  treated not later than rosette to bud stage, or
  boot stage for perennial grass species classified
  as weeds, prior to cutting or harvesting.

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Field inspection - suggestions

• Get the producer involved from the beginning.
• Let them know what you will be inspecting for.
• If the field does not pass, provide them with
  information for next cutting inspection and
  recommendations for cleaning it up.
• They do not have to be present at inspection.

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Field inspection - suggestions

• Get landowner permission to use a motorcycle, 4
  wheeler, or horse for inspections.
• Feed the horse certified weed free hay.
• Take field glasses with you to look for things
  that are different while inspecting.
• Check out ditches in the field, center pivot
  wheel tracks, dry spots and other areas that
  could harbor weeds.

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Field inspection - suggestions

• If only part of the field is certified, make sure
  it is marked off, that the producer knows the
  marking system, and that the bales are separated
  and stacked alone.
• Record your inspection path in case a question
  arises about where you inspected a few months
  down the road.

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Field inspection - suggestions

• You should have experience at reading maps
  (topographic, township/section/range etc.) and
  aerial photos and NRCS maps.
• You should also have a good knowledge of weed
  management and Integrated Weed Management
  practices.
• Cultural, Preventive, Mechanical, Chemical,
  Biological, Grazing.

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Field inspection cont

• Some patterns to follow in inspection

• Storage areas need to
• be inspected

• Make sure you inspect
• the wheel tracks

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How are you doing??
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Field bindweed

• Perennial vine
• Creeping rhizomes
• Leaves are arrowhead-shaped, rounded or blunt
  tipped
• Seed viable for over 60 years

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Field bindweed
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Hoary cress

• Perennial herb
• Flowers are dense white, flat-topped
• Roots extensive, horizontal and vertical
• Flowers early, reproduces by seeds and creeping
  roots

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Hoary cress
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Houndstongue

• Biennial, rosette 1st year then flowering stalk
  2nd year
• Velvety leaves
• Dark red flowers
• Seeds bur-like nutlets
• Burs attach to hair which helps spread plant

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Houndstongue
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Horsenettle

• Erect perennial (4 ft tall)
• Thorns on leaf stalk, midribs, and veins
• Violet to light blue or white flowers
• Native to US

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Horsenettle
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Johnsongrass

• Perennial grass up to 8 feet tall
• Creeping rhizomes
• Stems solid with prominent nodes
• Forms hydrocyanic acid when stressed

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Johnsongrass
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Jointed goatgrass

• Winter annual
• Leaves alternate can be hairy or smooth
• Seed head is cylindrical, more than 10 times as
  long as it is wide
• Roots shallow and fibrous

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Jointed goatgrass
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Leafy spurge

• Aggressive perennial
• Entire plant has milky sap that can irritate skin
• Roots can be over 20 feet deep with pink buds
• Flowers small with greenish yellow floral leaves

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Leafy spruge
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Marijuana

• Annual-male and female plants
• Leaves palmately divided with odd number (3-9)
  of hairy leaflets with notched edges
• Call local law enforcement if located

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Marijuana
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Matgrass

• Perennial grass grows in tufts
• Roots grow from clustered bulb-like culms
• Leaves 16 inches long and wiry

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Meadow knapweed

• Perennial up to 3 ½ ft
• Lower leaves long stalked, middle leaves without
  stalks, upper leaves much reduced
• Flower large pink to purplish-red heads