The Promise of Wave Power

1
The Promise of Wave Power

• Wave Energy Lead Professors
• Annette von Jouanne (EECS), Ted Brekken (EECS),
  Bob Paasch (ME),
• Solomon Yim (CE/Ocean), Alex Yokochi (ChE)
• College of Engineering, Oregon State University
• Excellent Multidisciplinary group of Graduate
  Students
• Three Current Undergraduate Senior Design Teams
• Port Liaison Project (PLP) Partnership Team
• Newport Wave Energy Team

2
Introduction
Waves are a concentrated form of solar
energy Technology to convert wave energy to
electrical energy is in its beginning phase gt
1000 Patents lt 2 MW Installed Active Govt RDD
Program in Europe and Australia No Govt RDD
Program in the U.S.
Demonstration in the U.S. is the Next Needed Step
in the Technology Development Process
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Introduction

• World power demand is constantly increasing.
• It is estimated that if 0.2 of the oceans
  untapped energy could be harnessed, it could
  provide power sufficient for the entire world.
• Compared to other renewables, wave energy
  advantages higher energy density, availability
  (80 90) and predictability.
• OSU is an Excellent Location to conduct ocean
  wave energy extraction research
• Motor Systems Resource Facility (MSRF)
• O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Lab

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Wave Energy Extraction Technologies
Oscillating Water Column

• Point
• Absorber

Overtopping
Attenuator
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Oscillating Water Column
Wavegen Limpet 500kW
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Wave Damper

• The Pelamis by Ocean Power Delivery (Scotland)
• 150 meters long, 3.5 meters wide
• 5 segments
• 750 kVA

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Overtopping
Danish Wave Dragon 4MW
8
Conceptual Wave Park
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OSU Facilities to Advance Wave Energy
Motor Systems Resource Facility (MSRF)
O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Lab (HWRL)
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OSU - Key Location for Wave Energy Research

• 750 KVA Adjustable Power Supply
• Variable Voltage input(0-600Vac), 600A
• 3-phase adjustable (while loaded) for balanced
  and unbalanced testing
• Highest Power University Lab in the Nation
• Enables Multi-Scale energy research
• Four Quadrant Dynamometer
• Programmable torque/speed
• Dynamic Vector Controls 0-4000 rpm
• Bidirectional Grid Interface
• Regeneration back to the utility grid
• Flexible, 300 hp, Motor/Generator test-bed
• 120KVA programmable source
• Transient VLrms680V
• Steady State VLrms 530V
• Frequency range 45Hz to 2KHz

Motor Systems Resource Facility (MSRF)
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OSU - Key Location for Wave Energy Research

• O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Lab (HWRL)
• Dimensions342ft long,12ft wide, 15ft deep
• Wave period range 0.5 to 10 seconds
• Max. Wave 1.6 m (5.2 ft) _at_ 3.5 sec

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Power From Ocean Waves

• Wave energy is strongest on the west coast and
  increases toward the poles.

kW/m crest length
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Power From Ocean Waves
kW/m crest length
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Power From Ocean Waves - Oregon
Data buoys are 2-200mi off shore, with
waves traveling 15-20mph, gives 10
hours forecast time for buoy generators located
2 mi out
Seasonal variation Good match for the NW
load demand
(wave data From National Data Buoy Center, Power
estimated from 5 buoys off the Oregon coast over
past 10 years)
Power from a wave is W/m of crest
length (distance along an individual crest)
? the density of sea water 1025
kg/m3 g acceleration due to
gravity 9.8 m/s/s T period
of wave (s) (averages 8s in the winter to 6s in
the summer) H wave height (m) (averages
3.5m in the winter to 1.5m in the summer)
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Power From Ocean Waves - Oregon
Oregon 2004 Est. Avg Consumption Generation We
st of Cascades 3,511MW (69) 2,509MW (28)
(1002MW deficit) East of Cascades 1,606MW
(31) 6,515MW (72) Total
5,117MW 9,024MW Most of the generation is in
unpopulated areas. From the previous slide
(Winter avg is 50kW/m, Summer avg is 10kW/m),
Considering an overall average of 30kW/m and an
Oregon coastline of 460km, the total Oregon coast
Wave Energy potential is in the range of
13,800MW Up to about 2000MW could be provided
with no additional transmission requirements (can
take advantage of existing infrastructure) Oregon
goal for 25 renewables by 2025 (this goal
could be 50 satisfied by wave energy based on
current consumption)
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EPRI Study - Seven Oregon Sites
Astoria
Garibaldi
Newport
Cushman
Reedsport
Coos Bay
Brookings
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FERC Preliminary Permit Filings
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OSUs Novel Direct Drive Buoy Approaches
Contact-less Force Transmission
Permanent Magnet Linear Generator
Permanent Magnet Rack and Pinion Drive

• No or few working seals generators respond
  directly to the movement of the ocean by
  employing magnetic fields for contact-less
  mechanical energy transmission, and power
  electronics for efficient electrical energy
  extraction.
• Direct drive direct coupling of the buoys
  velocity and force to the generator without the
  use of hydraulic fluid or air. This simplifies
  and increases efficiency.
• Devices must be survivable, reliable, and
  maintainable with efficient and high-quality
  power take-off systems.

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Linear Generator Buoy with Demo/Test Stand
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PMLG

• Armature moves relative to Translator (6 inch
  stroke)
• Armature Connected to buoy
• Translator connected to anchor line

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PMLG - Armature

• Tubular construction
• Coils Wound onto thin wall scaffold
• 18 AWG coils, wound with Epoxilite
• End caps transmit armature thrust
• Armature wires exit from end cap

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PMLG - Translator

• Neodymium-Iron-Boron 35MGOe Magnets
• ASTM A848 iron pole tips, Threaded ID
• Center Aluminum shaft, Threaded 3/4-10
• Pole tips capture magnets and distribute thrust
• 320mm total length, 45mm OD

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PMLG - Buoy and Support Structure

• 15 Dia. 3034 PVC Pipe
• Bearings on centerline
• Spring - energy storage and return stroke
• Flanged access at top
• Splined lower shaft (prevent -rotation)

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PMLG - Testing

• Five adjustable parameters
• Buoyancy
• Cable tension
• Spring used
• Wave characteristics
• Load
• Optimal setup
• 4.25 ft wave, period of 3 seconds
• Added buoyancy (No slack in moor)
• 27 lb/inch spring with 2.5 inch preload
• Resistance of 5 ohms

25
PMLG - Testing

• Peak Power Output 50 Watts (25 Watts per phase)
• Vout 20 Volts, I 1.2 Amps

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Looking Forward - Linear Test Bed

• Mimics the wave action to test wave energy
  devices
• A carriage actuated by a belt and pulley system
  moves the float relative to the spar.
• 10kW with a 50 efficient device, and up to 19kW
  _at_ 95 efficiency
• 1m/sec _at_ 20,000 N Thrust (4500 lbf)
• 2m/sec _at_ 10,000 N Thrust (2250 lbf)
• Modes Velocity, Point-Point, Force Control
  (through feedback from load cells/force meters)
• 2m relative motion/stroke (6.5 feet)
• Upper Lower Gimbal mounting (for alignment
  variation)
• 14ft tall x 10.5ft wide x 8.5ft deep

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Looking Forward - Grid Connection

• 2,000 MW capacity infrastructure already exists.

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Looking Forward - Advanced Modeling Techniques
Fluid to Moving Structure Interaction(coupled
fluid-structure interaction)
Buoys heaving in waves, using Finite Volume
Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver
(COMET) (Finite Element/Volume Mesh Analysis)
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Wave Energy Exhibit at the HMSC
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OSUs Multidisciplinary Wave Energy Team is
Pursuing Wave Energy Innovation in Three Thrust
Areas

• Researching novel direct-drive wave energy
  generators
• Developing an action plan for a National Wave
  Energy Research and Demonstration Center in
  Oregon (Goal)
• Essential for the U.S. to be a leader in wave
  energy
• Currently very little investment by Federal
  Government/DOE compared to the rest of the world
• Working closely with the Oregon Department of
  Energy (ODOE) and a variety of stakeholders to
  promote Oregon as the optimal location for the
  nations first commercial wave parks.

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Wave Energy Demonstration Center
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Wave Energy Park Environmental Issues

• Effects of Electromagnetic Fields
• Sea bird attraction?
• Marine Mammal attraction, repulsion. Changes in
  whale migration pathways.
• Change in larval dispersion.
• Change in fish use of area, change in fish
  migration, change in fish reproductive success.
• Shark attraction.
• Effects from construction/deployment/service of
  cables
• The most destructive aspect of laying natural gas
  lines is during the deployment of lines the
  seafloor with its inhabitants are altered as the
  line is laid with large machinery. Similar
  effects could be expected with lying of electric
  cables if similar methods are used.
• Impact on invertebrates or seafloor structure
  from placement of anchors and power lines.
• Creation of a sediment plume and resulting
  impacts on fish/invertebrates.
• Effects of the physical structure of the buoy
  field.
• Entanglement of marine mammals whales, dolphins.
  
• Effects of using antifouling agents introduction
  of toxics.
• Creation of a new community
• Does the new structure act as a filter for larval
  dispersal so that recruitment in surrounding
  areas is decreased?
• Will the structure create a new habitat that will
  facilitate recruit and production of marine
  organisms?

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Oregons Competitive Advantage

• Unique ocean resource
• Established marine community
• Excellent reputation for renewable energy and
  green industry support
• Positive political climate (both state federal)
• Oregon is poised to lead the nation and the
  world in wave energy development. We have the
  wave resource, the expertise through
  collaboration including tremendous industry,
  utility and community support, and the utility
  infrastructure along the coast to deliver this
  clean, renewable power into the grid.
• -- Dr. Annette von Jouanne

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Conceptual Wave Park