LaTeX A Document Processing System

1
LaTeX A Document Processing System

• Venkatesh Ramamoorthy
• 20-March-2006

2
Structure of the Presentation

• Typing and Typesetting
• Support available on Operating Systems
• LaTeX Tutorial
• Document development lifecycle
• The Basics a Tutorial
• Additional Features

3
Typing and Typesetting
Author
Manuscript
Typographic Designer
Instructions to Typesetter
Typesetter
Typesetting Machine instructions
Publication
Books, etc
4
Where does LaTeX fit in?

• LaTeX
• The Typographic Designer
• TeX
• The Typesetter

5
Typographic Design

• Example 1
• The German mathematician Kronecker, sitting
  quitely at his desk, wrote
• God created the whole numbers all
• the rest is mans work.
• Seated in front of the terminal, with Basic
  hanging on my every keystroke, I typed
• for i1 to infinity
• let numberi i

6
Logical versus Visual Design

• Visual Design
• What is on screen is exactly what will be seen on
  hard-copy print-out
• Also called WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You
  Get)
• But the document may lack the structure envisaged
  in a professional publication.
• Logical Design
• Visual structure reflects logical structure
• Using formatting commands encourages sound
  typography

7
Example Visual versus Logical 1

• Visual design
• For all x f(x) g(x1) (7)
• The visual design produced is aesthetically
  pleasing but it contains a typographic mistake
• It is ambiguous (Is the For all a part of the
  equation or not?), unless we read the whole line

8
The same example Logical Design

• Logical design
• For all x f(x) g(x1) (8)
• Notice the visual binding of the For all with
  the equation
• If we do not want the For all to be part of the
  equation, we would better write it as follows
• For all x
• f(x) g(x1) (9)
• Formatting equation (7) in LaTeX (erroneous
  typography) requires a workaround

9
LaTeX support on Operating Systems

• Linux / UNIX
• latex
• dvips, dvipdf
• Windows
• MikTeX
• Other tools

10
The Document Development Lifecycle (Linux / UNIX)
Input file (file.tex)
latex
Device-independent (DVI) file (file.dvi)
dvipdf
dvips
PDF file (file.pdf)
PS file (file.ps)
11
Fundamentals Input

• Input file
• .tex extension
• Special characters
• _ \
• Mathematical formulas
• lt gt
• Sentences
• No problems. Type what comes in naturally

12
Very important inverted opening quotes

• The opening inverted quotes are written like
  this
• (press the leftmost key twice in the number row
  on the keyboard)
• Never like this
• (not to use the right-hand key in the second row
  of the keyboard once)
• The (above) right-hand key is used only for
  closing quotes

13
LaTeX Fundamentals

• LaTeX commands
• These begin with a backslash \
• Document Structure
• Document style (article, report, book)
• Title Page
• Section, subsection, subsubsection, chapter
• Environments

14
Document Style

• Example article
• \documentclass article 12pt
• \documentclass article twocolumn, 12pt
• Example report
• \documentclass report twoside

15
Title Page

• Example
• \title Gnus of the World
• \author Leslie Lamport
• \date
• .
• \maketitle

16
The main document

• \begin document
• \section Equation of a straight line
• .
• \subsection Point-slope form
• .
• \subsection Slope-intercept form
• .
• \section Equation of a circle
• .
• \subsection Center at the origin
• .
• \subsection General form
• .
• \enddocument

17
Items and Lists Example 1

• \beginitemize
• \item Each list item is . Bullets
• \item Lists can be . One another
• \begin enumerate
• \item The item labels .letters
• \item A list should . Two items
• \end enumerate
• LaTeX permits . More than enough
• \item Blank lines . Have no effect
• \end itemize

18
What does this result in?

• Each list item is marked with a label. The labels
  in this itemized list are bullets
• Lists can be nested within one another
• The item labels in an enumerated list are
  numerals or letters
• A list should have at least two items
• LaTeX permits at least four levels of nested
  lists, which is more than enough
• Blank lines before an item have no effect

19
Math modes

• Used to display mathematical formulas, different
  from text display
• Inline, along with text
• \begindisplaymath . \end displaymath
• (now deprecated)
• \( \)
• \ \
• Equations
• \begin equation \end equation
• \begin eqnarray \end eqnarray

20
Mathematical Expressions

• \begin displaymath
• \fracy-y_1y_2-y_1 \fracxx_1x_2-x_1
• \end displaymath
• This displays the two-point form of the equation
  of a straight line
• \begin eqnarray
• ex x \fracx22! \fracx33! -
  \fracx44! \ldots \labelexpseries \\
• ln(1x) x - \fracx22! \fracx33! -
  \ldots \labellogseries
• \end eqnarray
• This displays two equations, one for ex and the
  other, for loge(1x). Both equations are numbered
  by LaTeX. The line breaks after the first.

21
References to a part of the document

• \begindocument
• .
• Equation\refexpseries is the exponential
  series, while equation\reflogseries is the
  Logarithmic Series.
• .
• \enddocument

22
Bold, Underline, Italics

• \bf Example
• This displays Example
• \underline Example
• This displays Example
• \em Example
• This displays Example

23
Arrays and Tables

• \begintabularlccr
• \hline
• Item Price (\) Quantity Cost (\)\\
• \hline
• Orange 0.6 10 6.00 \\
• Apples 0.7 3 2.10 \\
• Bananas 0.2 6 1.20 \\
• \hline
• \endtabular

24
Additional Features

• Bibliography
• Store in a .bib file
• Specify this in the document
• Table of Contents
• Using the Indexing feature in LaTeX
• Making slides in PDF files
• Using the seminar package along with pstricks
• Using the prosper package
• Using SliTeX (now not much in vogue)

25
References

• LATEX A Document Preparation System. User Guide
  and Reference Manual, Leslie Lamport
• The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX, Tobias
  Oetiker, Hubert Partl, et.al (lshort.pdf)
  (available on my webpage)
• My webpage (thanks to Benjamin Pflanz)
• http//my.fit.edu/vramamoo/links/latex.html