Air Quality and Health Effects FKF100 vt2008

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Air Quality and Health Effects FKF100 vt-2008

• Erik Swietlicki
• Professor
• Div. of Nuclear Physics, Physics Department
• Lund University Lund Institute of Technology
• Erik.Swietlicki_at_nuclear.lu.se

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Viktigaste luftföroreningarna ur hälsosynpunkt

• Partiklar, PM10 Finns norm (fr 2005)
• Ozon, O3 Ny norm
• Kvävedioxid, NO2 Finns norm (fr 2006)
• Bensen, C6H6 Finns norm (fr 2010)
• Bensoapyren, BaP Förslag
• PAH Förslag
• Tungmetaller (Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, As, Cr) Förslag (Pb
  norm)
• Flyktiga kolväten, VOC Mål för utsläppen
• Kolmonoxid, CO Finns norm
• Svaveldioxid, SO2 Finns norm

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EU
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Halter - Miljökvalitetsnormer

• PM10 Stort problem på många platser - Oförändrade
• Långdistanstransport
• Lokalt genererade slitagepartiklar (trafik)
• Lokal vedeldning
• NO2 Överskridanden på vissa platser
  sjunkande(?)
• Lokal vägtrafik (avgaser)
• Inget problem 2010
• Bensen Troligen inget problem(?) - sjunkande
• Vägtrafik
• Vedeldning
• Bensoapyren Begränsat problem(?) - sjunkande
• Vägtrafik, avgaser
• Vedeldning
• Industrier

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Upplands Väsby
highway (E4), where 58 000 vehicles pass daily
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Air Quality Problems in Upplands Väsby
Assume that you have recently been hired by the
City of Stockholm Environment and Health
Administration, and been given the task to
investigate how residential wood combustion
affects the air quality in Upplands Väsby, a
small community north of Stockholm. Most
Swedish local authorities strive to increase the
share of renewable energy sources in order to
reduce the burning of fossil fuels. At the same
time, they have to consider the air quality limit
values. Today, the houses in this area use
electric heating (Sweden has plenty of hydropower
and nuclear power), but complemented with older
wood stoves (136 houses of a total 769). An
alternative for the local authorities to
connecting the area to district heating (burning
fossil fuels), would be to convert to wood
combustion using modern pellet burners in all of
the 769 homes in the residential area. Before
such a decision can be made, the authorities have
to ensure that the limit values would not be
exceeded. In addition to wood combustion and
traffic, long range transported air pollutants
give a significant contribution to some air
pollutant concentrations in Upplands Väsby.
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(No Transcript)
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Annual averages in Stockholm and surroundings.
Årsmedelvärden Annual averages bakgrund
background taknivå roof level. NO2
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Annual averages in Stockholm and surroundings.
Årsmedelvärden Annual averages bakgrund
background taknivå roof level. SO2
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Annual averages in Stockholm and surroundings.
Årsmedelvärden Annual averages bakgrund
background taknivå roof level. O3
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Annual averages in Stockholm and surroundings.
Årsmedelvärden Annual averages bakgrund
background taknivå roof level. PM10
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Upplands Väsby
highway (E4), where 58 000 vehicles pass daily
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Contributions from wood combustion alone to the
concentrations of NO2 if wood pellet burners were
to supply the entire heat demand for all 769
houses in the residential area. The north-south
highway E4 where 58 000 vehicles pass each day,
is again seen to the left.
Contribution to NO2 Wood combustion in pellet
burners supply 100 of heat demand. 98-precentile
of daily averages.
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Contributions from wood combustion alone to the
concentrations of PM10 if wood pellet burners
were to supply the entire heat demand for all 769
houses in the residential area. The north-south
highway E4 where 58 000 vehicles pass each day,
is again seen to the left.
Contribution to PM10 Wood combustion in pellet
burners supply 100 of heat demand. 90-precentile
of daily averages.
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Air Quality Problems in Upplands Väsby
What air quality limit values are at greatest
risk of being violated (minimum three) in this
residential area in Upplands Väsby? What are the
sources that are likely to be responsible for the
exceedances? At what time of the year can we
expect the highest air pollutant levels, and
thereby run the risk of exceedances? How are
dispersion model calculations, such as those
shown in Figure 2, made? What additional
information is needed in order to carry out this
modeling? The Stockholm Environment and Health
Administration has access to a mobile air
pollution monitoring trailer (similar to that
used in the laboratory exercise). Suggest where
this trailer should be placed in order to carry
out an air quality measurement campaign during
the most critical time of the year. The site
should be chosen so that the importance of
various sources can be elucidated. What air
pollutants need to be measured?
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Air Quality Problems in Upplands Väsby
Briefly describe how to measure NO and NO2 using
one instrument placed in the trailer. Measurement
methods for PM10 ? Advantages and disadvantages
of each method? The local authorities can lease
a DOAS equipment for a shorter measurement
period. What relevant air pollutants can be
measured quantitatively using this instrument?
Where should the DOAS should be?